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["There are no worthy life opportunities from a human, professional or scientific viewpoint": expelled neurologists outside the centers of German-speaking neuroscience].
Nervenarzt. 2022 Oct; 93(Suppl 1):112-123.N

Abstract

The persecution and expulsion of German-speaking neurologists were not limited to research centers, such as Berlin, Vienna, Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg. The exclusion from science, teaching and clinical care also occurred at other (university) sites. The different aspects and implementation of the exclusion are presented here exemplified by 10 physicians involved in neuroscience. These ranged from forced internal emigration (Georg Stertz/Kiel), racially motivated removal from office (Max Isserlin and Karl Neubürger/both Munich, Ernst Grünthal/Würzburg, Gabriel Steiner/Heidelberg, Rudolf Altschul and Francis Schiller/both Prague) to publicly staged denunciation and humiliation (Otto Löwenstein/Bonn). Furthermore, without being directly persecuted themselves, individual physicians reacted to the poisoned political and academic climate in that they either sooner or later left their homeland (Eduard Heinrich Krapf/Cologne, Hartwig Kuhlenbeck/Jena). The results and conclusions summarized in this article for university clinics and institutes represent only a narrow section of the neurological scene in 1933-1939; however, they emphasize how necessary an expansion of the historical research perspective is on the fate of neurologists at communal hospitals, in field practices and other professional areas.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Martin M
Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraβe 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland. Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland.
Karenberg A
Institut für Geschichte und Ethik der Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland.
Fangerau H
Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin, Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraβe 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland. heiner.fangerau@uni-duesseldorf.de.

MeSH

Academies and InstitutesGermanyHistory, 20th CenturyHumansNational SocialismNeurologistsNeurosciencesUniversities

Pub Type(s)

Historical Article
Journal Article
Review

Language

ger

PubMed ID

36197482

Citation

Martin, Michael, et al. "["There Are No Worthy Life Opportunities From a Human, Professional or Scientific Viewpoint": Expelled Neurologists Outside the Centers of German-speaking Neuroscience]." Der Nervenarzt, vol. 93, no. Suppl 1, 2022, pp. 112-123.
Martin M, Karenberg A, Fangerau H. ["There are no worthy life opportunities from a human, professional or scientific viewpoint": expelled neurologists outside the centers of German-speaking neuroscience]. Nervenarzt. 2022;93(Suppl 1):112-123.
Martin, M., Karenberg, A., & Fangerau, H. (2022). ["There are no worthy life opportunities from a human, professional or scientific viewpoint": expelled neurologists outside the centers of German-speaking neuroscience]. Der Nervenarzt, 93(Suppl 1), 112-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-022-01333-y
Martin M, Karenberg A, Fangerau H. ["There Are No Worthy Life Opportunities From a Human, Professional or Scientific Viewpoint": Expelled Neurologists Outside the Centers of German-speaking Neuroscience]. Nervenarzt. 2022;93(Suppl 1):112-123. PubMed PMID: 36197482.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - ["There are no worthy life opportunities from a human, professional or scientific viewpoint": expelled neurologists outside the centers of German-speaking neuroscience]. AU - Martin,Michael, AU - Karenberg,Axel, AU - Fangerau,Heiner, Y1 - 2022/10/05/ PY - 2022/05/10/accepted PY - 2022/10/5/entrez PY - 2022/10/6/pubmed PY - 2022/10/12/medline KW - Forced migration KW - Jewish physicians KW - Medicine in National Socialism KW - Neurology, history KW - Neuroscience, history SP - 112 EP - 123 JF - Der Nervenarzt JO - Nervenarzt VL - 93 IS - Suppl 1 N2 - The persecution and expulsion of German-speaking neurologists were not limited to research centers, such as Berlin, Vienna, Frankfurt am Main and Hamburg. The exclusion from science, teaching and clinical care also occurred at other (university) sites. The different aspects and implementation of the exclusion are presented here exemplified by 10 physicians involved in neuroscience. These ranged from forced internal emigration (Georg Stertz/Kiel), racially motivated removal from office (Max Isserlin and Karl Neubürger/both Munich, Ernst Grünthal/Würzburg, Gabriel Steiner/Heidelberg, Rudolf Altschul and Francis Schiller/both Prague) to publicly staged denunciation and humiliation (Otto Löwenstein/Bonn). Furthermore, without being directly persecuted themselves, individual physicians reacted to the poisoned political and academic climate in that they either sooner or later left their homeland (Eduard Heinrich Krapf/Cologne, Hartwig Kuhlenbeck/Jena). The results and conclusions summarized in this article for university clinics and institutes represent only a narrow section of the neurological scene in 1933-1939; however, they emphasize how necessary an expansion of the historical research perspective is on the fate of neurologists at communal hospitals, in field practices and other professional areas. SN - 1433-0407 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/36197482/["There_are_no_worthy_life_opportunities_from_a_human_professional_or_scientific_viewpoint":_expelled_neurologists_outside_the_centers_of_German_speaking_neuroscience]_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -