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Vaccine breakthrough infection leads to distinct profiles of neutralizing antibody responses by SARS-CoV-2 variant.
JCI Insight. 2022 10 10; 7(19)JI

Abstract

Protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccination may differ by variant. We enrolled vaccinated (n = 39) and unvaccinated (n = 11) individuals with acute, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron infection and performed SARS-CoV-2 viral load quantification, whole-genome sequencing, and variant-specific antibody characterization at the time of acute illness and convalescence. Viral load at the time of infection was inversely correlated with antibody binding and neutralizing antibody responses. Across all variants tested, convalescent neutralization titers in unvaccinated individuals were markedly lower than in vaccinated individuals. Increases in antibody titers and neutralizing activity occurred at convalescence in a variant-specific manner. For example, among individuals infected with the Delta variant, neutralizing antibody responses were weakest against BA.2, whereas infection with Omicron BA.1 variant generated a broader response against all tested variants, including BA.2.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. UMass Med School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

MeSH

AIDS VaccinesAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBCG VaccineCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesConvalescenceDiphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis VaccineHumansInfluenza VaccinesMeasles-Mumps-Rubella VaccineNeutralization TestsPapillomavirus VaccinesRespiratory Syncytial Virus VaccinesSAIDS VaccinesSARS-CoV-2

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

Language

eng

PubMed ID

36214224

Citation

Seaman, Michael S., et al. "Vaccine Breakthrough Infection Leads to Distinct Profiles of Neutralizing Antibody Responses By SARS-CoV-2 Variant." JCI Insight, vol. 7, no. 19, 2022.

Seaman MS, Siedner MJ, Boucau J, et al. Vaccine breakthrough infection leads to distinct profiles of neutralizing antibody responses by SARS-CoV-2 variant. JCI Insight. 2022;7(19).

Seaman, M. S., Siedner, M. J., Boucau, J., Lavine, C. L., Ghantous, F., Liew, M. Y., Mathews, J. I., Singh, A., Marino, C., Regan, J., Uddin, R., Choudhary, M. C., Flynn, J. P., Chen, G., Stuckwisch, A. M., Lipiner, T., Kittilson, A., Melberg, M., Gilbert, R. F., ... Lemieux, J. E. (2022). Vaccine breakthrough infection leads to distinct profiles of neutralizing antibody responses by SARS-CoV-2 variant. JCI Insight, 7(19). https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.159944

Seaman MS, et al. Vaccine Breakthrough Infection Leads to Distinct Profiles of Neutralizing Antibody Responses By SARS-CoV-2 Variant. JCI Insight. 2022 10 10;7(19) PubMed PMID: 36214224.

* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case

TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccine breakthrough infection leads to distinct profiles of neutralizing antibody responses by SARS-CoV-2 variant. AU - Seaman,Michael S, AU - Siedner,Mark J, AU - Boucau,Julie, AU - Lavine,Christy L, AU - Ghantous,Fadi, AU - Liew,May Y, AU - Mathews,Josh I, AU - Singh,Arshdeep, AU - Marino,Caitlin, AU - Regan,James, AU - Uddin,Rockib, AU - Choudhary,Manish C, AU - Flynn,James P, AU - Chen,Geoffrey, AU - Stuckwisch,Ashley M, AU - Lipiner,Taryn, AU - Kittilson,Autumn, AU - Melberg,Meghan, AU - Gilbert,Rebecca F, AU - Reynolds,Zahra, AU - Iyer,Surabhi L, AU - Chamberlin,Grace C, AU - Vyas,Tammy D, AU - Vyas,Jatin M, AU - Goldberg,Marcia B, AU - Luban,Jeremy, AU - Li,Jonathan Z, AU - Barczak,Amy K, AU - Lemieux,Jacob E, Y1 - 2022/10/10/ PY - 2022/03/07/received PY - 2022/08/26/accepted PY - 2022/10/10/entrez PY - 2022/10/11/pubmed PY - 2022/10/12/medline KW - Adaptive immunity KW - COVID-19 KW - Immunoglobulins JF - JCI insight JO - JCI Insight VL - 7 IS - 19 N2 - Protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection after COVID-19 vaccination may differ by variant. We enrolled vaccinated (n = 39) and unvaccinated (n = 11) individuals with acute, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron infection and performed SARS-CoV-2 viral load quantification, whole-genome sequencing, and variant-specific antibody characterization at the time of acute illness and convalescence. Viral load at the time of infection was inversely correlated with antibody binding and neutralizing antibody responses. Across all variants tested, convalescent neutralization titers in unvaccinated individuals were markedly lower than in vaccinated individuals. Increases in antibody titers and neutralizing activity occurred at convalescence in a variant-specific manner. For example, among individuals infected with the Delta variant, neutralizing antibody responses were weakest against BA.2, whereas infection with Omicron BA.1 variant generated a broader response against all tested variants, including BA.2. SN - 2379-3708 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/36214224/Vaccine_breakthrough_infection_leads_to_distinct_profiles_of_neutralizing_antibody_responses_by_SARS_CoV_2_variant_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -