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Human African trypanosomiasis cases diagnosed in non-endemic countries (2011-2020).
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 11; 16(11):e0010885.PN

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Sleeping sickness, or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), is transmitted by tsetse flies in endemic foci in sub-Saharan Africa. Because of international travel and population movements, cases are also occasionally diagnosed in non-endemic countries.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS

Antitrypanosomal medicines to treat the disease are available gratis through the World Health Organization (WHO) thanks to a public-private partnership, and exclusive distribution of the majority of them enables WHO to gather information on all exported cases. Data collected by WHO are complemented by case reports and scientific publications. During 2011-2020, 49 cases of HAT were diagnosed in 16 non-endemic countries across five continents: 35 cases were caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, mainly in tourists visiting wildlife areas in eastern and southern Africa, and 14 cases were due to T. b. gambiense, mainly in African migrants originating from or visiting endemic areas in western and central Africa.

CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE

HAT diagnosis in non-endemic countries is rare and can be challenging, but alertness and surveillance must be maintained to contribute to WHO's elimination goals. Early detection is particularly important as it considerably improves the prognosis.

Links

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Franco JR
World Health Organization, Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Prevention, Treatment and Care, Geneva, Switzerland.
Cecchi G
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Animal Production and Health Division, Rome, Italy.
Priotto G
World Health Organization, Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Prevention, Treatment and Care, Geneva, Switzerland.
Paone M
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Animal Production and Health Division, Rome, Italy.
Kadima Ebeja A
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo.
Simarro PP
World Health Organization Consultant.
Diarra A
World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo.
Sankara D
World Health Organization, Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Prevention, Treatment and Care, Geneva, Switzerland.
Zhao W
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Animal Production and Health Division, Rome, Italy.
Dagne DA
World Health Organization, Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Prevention, Treatment and Care, Geneva, Switzerland.

MeSH

AnimalsHumansTrypanosomiasis, AfricanTrypanosoma brucei rhodesienseTsetse FliesBlack PeopleAfrica, SouthernTrypanosoma brucei gambiense

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

36342910

Citation

Franco, Jose R., et al. "Human African Trypanosomiasis Cases Diagnosed in Non-endemic Countries (2011-2020)." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 16, no. 11, 2022, pp. e0010885.
Franco JR, Cecchi G, Priotto G, et al. Human African trypanosomiasis cases diagnosed in non-endemic countries (2011-2020). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(11):e0010885.
Franco, J. R., Cecchi, G., Priotto, G., Paone, M., Kadima Ebeja, A., Simarro, P. P., Diarra, A., Sankara, D., Zhao, W., & Dagne, D. A. (2022). Human African trypanosomiasis cases diagnosed in non-endemic countries (2011-2020). PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 16(11), e0010885. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010885
Franco JR, et al. Human African Trypanosomiasis Cases Diagnosed in Non-endemic Countries (2011-2020). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(11):e0010885. PubMed PMID: 36342910.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Human African trypanosomiasis cases diagnosed in non-endemic countries (2011-2020). AU - Franco,Jose R, AU - Cecchi,Giuliano, AU - Priotto,Gerardo, AU - Paone,Massimo, AU - Kadima Ebeja,Augustin, AU - Simarro,Pere P, AU - Diarra,Abdoulaye, AU - Sankara,Dieudonné, AU - Zhao,Weining, AU - Dagne,Daniel Argaw, Y1 - 2022/11/07/ PY - 2022/06/22/received PY - 2022/09/27/accepted PY - 2022/11/7/entrez PY - 2022/11/8/pubmed PY - 2022/11/10/medline SP - e0010885 EP - e0010885 JF - PLoS neglected tropical diseases JO - PLoS Negl Trop Dis VL - 16 IS - 11 N2 - BACKGROUND: Sleeping sickness, or human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), is transmitted by tsetse flies in endemic foci in sub-Saharan Africa. Because of international travel and population movements, cases are also occasionally diagnosed in non-endemic countries. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Antitrypanosomal medicines to treat the disease are available gratis through the World Health Organization (WHO) thanks to a public-private partnership, and exclusive distribution of the majority of them enables WHO to gather information on all exported cases. Data collected by WHO are complemented by case reports and scientific publications. During 2011-2020, 49 cases of HAT were diagnosed in 16 non-endemic countries across five continents: 35 cases were caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, mainly in tourists visiting wildlife areas in eastern and southern Africa, and 14 cases were due to T. b. gambiense, mainly in African migrants originating from or visiting endemic areas in western and central Africa. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: HAT diagnosis in non-endemic countries is rare and can be challenging, but alertness and surveillance must be maintained to contribute to WHO's elimination goals. Early detection is particularly important as it considerably improves the prognosis. SN - 1935-2735 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/36342910/Human_African_trypanosomiasis_cases_diagnosed_in_non_endemic_countries__2011_2020__ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -