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Association between genetic risk of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality under different alcohol policy conditions: Evidence from the Finnish alcohol price reduction of 2004.
Addiction. 2023 04; 118(4):678-685.A

Abstract

AIMS

Harmful alcohol consumption is influenced by both genetic susceptibility and the price of alcohol. Many previous studies have observed that genetic susceptibility to consumption of alcohol is more predictive in less restrictive drinking conditions. We assess whether such a pattern applies when the prices of alcoholic beverages are decreased.

DESIGN

Data consist of genetically informed population-representative surveys (FINRISK 1992, 1997, 2002 and Health 2000) linked to administrative registers. We analysed the interaction between a polygenic score (PGS) for alcoholic drinks per week consumed and price reduction in predicting the incidence of alcohol-related hospitalizations and deaths in difference-in-difference and interrupted time-series frameworks.

SETTING

Individuals in Finland were followed quarter-yearly from 1 March 2000 to 31 May 2008.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 22 152 individuals (607 132-person quarter-years, 1399 outcome events) aged 30-79 years.

INTERVENTION

A natural experiment stemming from the alcohol tax reduction in March 2004 and import deregulation in May 2004.

MEASUREMENTS

Outcome was quarter-yearly-measured alcohol-related death or hospitalization. The independent variables of main interest were PGS and a price reform indicator. We adjusted for gender, age, age squared, season, 10 first principal components of the genome, data collection round and genotyping batch.

FINDINGS

Both alcohol price reduction and one standard deviation change in PGS were associated with alcohol-related health outcomes; odds ratios (ORs) were 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13, 1.53 and 1.26, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.42 in the 8-year follow-up, respectively. The association between PGS and alcohol-related morbidity was similar before and after the alcohol price reform (PGS × price reform interaction OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.81, 1.14). These results were robust across different follow-up periods and measurement and analysis strategies.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the decrease of alcohol price in Finland in 2004 substantially increased overall alcohol-related morbidity and mortality, the genetic susceptibility to alcohol consumption did not become more manifest in predicting them.

Links

Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Lahtinen H
Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Moustgaard H
Helsinki Institute for Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Ripatti S
Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Martikainen P
Population Research Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany.

MeSH

HumansAlcohol DrinkingFinlandGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseAlcoholic BeveragesEthanolPublic PolicyIncidenceCommerce

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

36564914

Citation

Lahtinen, Hannu, et al. "Association Between Genetic Risk of Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-related Morbidity and Mortality Under Different Alcohol Policy Conditions: Evidence From the Finnish Alcohol Price Reduction of 2004." Addiction (Abingdon, England), vol. 118, no. 4, 2023, pp. 678-685.
Lahtinen H, Moustgaard H, Ripatti S, et al. Association between genetic risk of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality under different alcohol policy conditions: Evidence from the Finnish alcohol price reduction of 2004. Addiction. 2023;118(4):678-685.
Lahtinen, H., Moustgaard, H., Ripatti, S., & Martikainen, P. (2023). Association between genetic risk of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality under different alcohol policy conditions: Evidence from the Finnish alcohol price reduction of 2004. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 118(4), 678-685. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16118
Lahtinen H, et al. Association Between Genetic Risk of Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-related Morbidity and Mortality Under Different Alcohol Policy Conditions: Evidence From the Finnish Alcohol Price Reduction of 2004. Addiction. 2023;118(4):678-685. PubMed PMID: 36564914.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Association between genetic risk of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality under different alcohol policy conditions: Evidence from the Finnish alcohol price reduction of 2004. AU - Lahtinen,Hannu, AU - Moustgaard,Heta, AU - Ripatti,Samuli, AU - Martikainen,Pekka, Y1 - 2023/01/13/ PY - 2022/06/28/received PY - 2022/12/05/accepted PY - 2022/12/25/pubmed PY - 2023/3/7/medline PY - 2022/12/24/entrez KW - Alcohol policy KW - alcohol-related morbidity KW - alcohol-related mortality KW - gene-environment interaction KW - natural experiment KW - polygenic score SP - 678 EP - 685 JF - Addiction (Abingdon, England) JO - Addiction VL - 118 IS - 4 N2 - AIMS: Harmful alcohol consumption is influenced by both genetic susceptibility and the price of alcohol. Many previous studies have observed that genetic susceptibility to consumption of alcohol is more predictive in less restrictive drinking conditions. We assess whether such a pattern applies when the prices of alcoholic beverages are decreased. DESIGN: Data consist of genetically informed population-representative surveys (FINRISK 1992, 1997, 2002 and Health 2000) linked to administrative registers. We analysed the interaction between a polygenic score (PGS) for alcoholic drinks per week consumed and price reduction in predicting the incidence of alcohol-related hospitalizations and deaths in difference-in-difference and interrupted time-series frameworks. SETTING: Individuals in Finland were followed quarter-yearly from 1 March 2000 to 31 May 2008. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 22 152 individuals (607 132-person quarter-years, 1399 outcome events) aged 30-79 years. INTERVENTION: A natural experiment stemming from the alcohol tax reduction in March 2004 and import deregulation in May 2004. MEASUREMENTS: Outcome was quarter-yearly-measured alcohol-related death or hospitalization. The independent variables of main interest were PGS and a price reform indicator. We adjusted for gender, age, age squared, season, 10 first principal components of the genome, data collection round and genotyping batch. FINDINGS: Both alcohol price reduction and one standard deviation change in PGS were associated with alcohol-related health outcomes; odds ratios (ORs) were 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13, 1.53 and 1.26, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.42 in the 8-year follow-up, respectively. The association between PGS and alcohol-related morbidity was similar before and after the alcohol price reform (PGS × price reform interaction OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.81, 1.14). These results were robust across different follow-up periods and measurement and analysis strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Although the decrease of alcohol price in Finland in 2004 substantially increased overall alcohol-related morbidity and mortality, the genetic susceptibility to alcohol consumption did not become more manifest in predicting them. SN - 1360-0443 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/36564914/Association_between_genetic_risk_of_alcohol_consumption_and_alcohol_related_morbidity_and_mortality_under_different_alcohol_policy_conditions:_Evidence_from_the_Finnish_alcohol_price_reduction_of_2004_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -