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Outcome Expectancies, Effects, and Mechanisms of Brief Training in Mindfulness Meditation vs. Loving-Kindness Meditation vs a Control Condition for Pain Management: A Randomized Pilot Study.
J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2023 Jan 09 [Online ahead of print]JP

Abstract

This study investigated the analgesic effects of a single session of mindfulness meditation (MM) and loving-kindness meditation (LKM) relative to a control. A total of 100 adults with chronic or current problematic pain completed a survey and were randomized to a 20-minute MM, LKM, or audiobook control. Co-primary outcomes of pain intensity and unpleasantness and mediators of mindfulness and self-compassion were assessed pre- and posttraining. Expectancies were assessed pretraining. Pain type (chronic vs current problematic) was a covariate. Relative to the control, higher expectancies were reported for MM and LKM (P < .001). MM (d = 0.41, P = .032) and LKM (d = 0.38, P = .027) had medium effects on pain intensity, with greater decreases than control (d = 0.05, P = .768). All conditions had small effects on unpleasantness. Mindful observing increased more within MM (d = 0.52, P = .022) and the control (d = 0.50, P = .011) than LKM (d = 0.12, P = .50); self-compassion increased more in LKM (d = 0.36, P = .042) than MM (d = 0.27, P = .201) and the control (d = 0.22, P = .249). The mediation models were nonsignificant. Pain type was a nonsignificant covariate. Overall, MM and LKM were associated with positive expectancies and small-medium pain intensity reductions, which did not differ by pain type. Although MM and LKM were associated with changes in theorized mediators, these changes did not underlie improvement.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

36622873

Citation

Day, Melissa A., et al. "Outcome Expectancies, Effects, and Mechanisms of Brief Training in Mindfulness Meditation Vs. Loving-Kindness Meditation Vs a Control Condition for Pain Management: a Randomized Pilot Study." Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, 2023, pp. 1-11.

Day MA, Matthews N, Davies JN, et al. Outcome Expectancies, Effects, and Mechanisms of Brief Training in Mindfulness Meditation vs. Loving-Kindness Meditation vs a Control Condition for Pain Management: A Randomized Pilot Study. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2023.

Day, M. A., Matthews, N., Davies, J. N., Walker, C., Bray, N., Kim, J., & Jensen, M. P. (2023). Outcome Expectancies, Effects, and Mechanisms of Brief Training in Mindfulness Meditation vs. Loving-Kindness Meditation vs a Control Condition for Pain Management: A Randomized Pilot Study. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/15360288.2022.2141944

Day MA, et al. Outcome Expectancies, Effects, and Mechanisms of Brief Training in Mindfulness Meditation Vs. Loving-Kindness Meditation Vs a Control Condition for Pain Management: a Randomized Pilot Study. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2023 Jan 9;1-11. PubMed PMID: 36622873.

* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case

TY - JOUR T1 - Outcome Expectancies, Effects, and Mechanisms of Brief Training in Mindfulness Meditation vs. Loving-Kindness Meditation vs a Control Condition for Pain Management: A Randomized Pilot Study. AU - Day,Melissa A, AU - Matthews,Natasha, AU - Davies,Jonathan N, AU - Walker,Claire, AU - Bray,Nicola, AU - Kim,Jeffrey, AU - Jensen,Mark P, Y1 - 2023/01/09/ PY - 2023/1/9/entrez PY - 2023/1/10/pubmed PY - 2023/1/10/medline KW - Mindfulness meditation KW - expectancy KW - loving-kindness meditation KW - mediators KW - pain SP - 1 EP - 11 JF - Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy JO - J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother N2 - This study investigated the analgesic effects of a single session of mindfulness meditation (MM) and loving-kindness meditation (LKM) relative to a control. A total of 100 adults with chronic or current problematic pain completed a survey and were randomized to a 20-minute MM, LKM, or audiobook control. Co-primary outcomes of pain intensity and unpleasantness and mediators of mindfulness and self-compassion were assessed pre- and posttraining. Expectancies were assessed pretraining. Pain type (chronic vs current problematic) was a covariate. Relative to the control, higher expectancies were reported for MM and LKM (P < .001). MM (d = 0.41, P = .032) and LKM (d = 0.38, P = .027) had medium effects on pain intensity, with greater decreases than control (d = 0.05, P = .768). All conditions had small effects on unpleasantness. Mindful observing increased more within MM (d = 0.52, P = .022) and the control (d = 0.50, P = .011) than LKM (d = 0.12, P = .50); self-compassion increased more in LKM (d = 0.36, P = .042) than MM (d = 0.27, P = .201) and the control (d = 0.22, P = .249). The mediation models were nonsignificant. Pain type was a nonsignificant covariate. Overall, MM and LKM were associated with positive expectancies and small-medium pain intensity reductions, which did not differ by pain type. Although MM and LKM were associated with changes in theorized mediators, these changes did not underlie improvement. SN - 1536-0539 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/36622873/Outcome_Expectancies_Effects_and_Mechanisms_of_Brief_Training_in_Mindfulness_Meditation_vs__Loving_Kindness_Meditation_vs_a_Control_Condition_for_Pain_Management:_A_Randomized_Pilot_Study_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -