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Elite special forces: physiological description and ergogenic influence of blood reinfusion.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1987 Oct; 58(10):1001-4.AS

Abstract

We measured the physical exercise capabilities of U.S. Army Special Forces soldiers (male) and determined the subsequent ergogenic influence of autologous blood reinfusion. Twelve subjects (Ss) completed maximal exercise treadmill testing in a comfortable (Ta = 20 degrees C, Tdp = 9 degrees C) environment. Six Ss were later transfused with a 600 ml autologous red blood cell (50% Hct) NaCl glucose-phosphate solution and completed identical maximal exercise tests 3 and 10 d posttransfusion. Pretransfusion, the 12 Ss had a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of 4.36 +/- 0.56 L . min-1 and 55 +/- 4 ml . kg-1 . min-1 with a heart rate of 188 +/- 10 b . min-1 and ventilatory equivalent for oxygen of 37 +/- 3. For the 6 reinfused Ss, hemoglobin and red cell volume (RCV) increased by 10% (p less than 0.05) and 11% (p less than 0.05), respectively, posttransfusion. Reinfusion increased (p less than 0.05) VO2max from 4.28 +/- 0.22 L . min-1 (54 +/- 5 ml . kg-1 . min-1) to 4.75 +/- 0.42 L . min-1 (60 +/- 6 ml . kg-1 . min-1) and 4.63 +/- 0.21 L . min-1 (59 +/- 6 ml . kg-1 . min-1) at 3 and 10 d posttransfusion, respectively. No significant relationship was found between the individual change in RCV and VO2max values pre- to posttransfusion. We conclude that Special Forces soldiers have high levels of aerobic fitness that can be further increased by blood reinfusion for at least 10 d.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Muza SR
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760-5007.
Sawka MN
No affiliation info available
Young AJ
No affiliation info available
Dennis RC
No affiliation info available
Gonzalez RR
No affiliation info available
Martin JW
No affiliation info available
Pandolf KB
No affiliation info available
Valeri CR
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAnthropometryBlood Transfusion, AutologousErythrocyte IndicesHumansMaleMilitary PersonnelOxygen ConsumptionPhysical ExertionPhysical Fitness

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

3675460

Citation

Muza, S R., et al. "Elite Special Forces: Physiological Description and Ergogenic Influence of Blood Reinfusion." Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol. 58, no. 10, 1987, pp. 1001-4.
Muza SR, Sawka MN, Young AJ, et al. Elite special forces: physiological description and ergogenic influence of blood reinfusion. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1987;58(10):1001-4.
Muza, S. R., Sawka, M. N., Young, A. J., Dennis, R. C., Gonzalez, R. R., Martin, J. W., Pandolf, K. B., & Valeri, C. R. (1987). Elite special forces: physiological description and ergogenic influence of blood reinfusion. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 58(10), 1001-4.
Muza SR, et al. Elite Special Forces: Physiological Description and Ergogenic Influence of Blood Reinfusion. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1987;58(10):1001-4. PubMed PMID: 3675460.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Elite special forces: physiological description and ergogenic influence of blood reinfusion. AU - Muza,S R, AU - Sawka,M N, AU - Young,A J, AU - Dennis,R C, AU - Gonzalez,R R, AU - Martin,J W, AU - Pandolf,K B, AU - Valeri,C R, PY - 1987/10/1/pubmed PY - 1987/10/1/medline PY - 1987/10/1/entrez SP - 1001 EP - 4 JF - Aviation, space, and environmental medicine JO - Aviat Space Environ Med VL - 58 IS - 10 N2 - We measured the physical exercise capabilities of U.S. Army Special Forces soldiers (male) and determined the subsequent ergogenic influence of autologous blood reinfusion. Twelve subjects (Ss) completed maximal exercise treadmill testing in a comfortable (Ta = 20 degrees C, Tdp = 9 degrees C) environment. Six Ss were later transfused with a 600 ml autologous red blood cell (50% Hct) NaCl glucose-phosphate solution and completed identical maximal exercise tests 3 and 10 d posttransfusion. Pretransfusion, the 12 Ss had a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of 4.36 +/- 0.56 L . min-1 and 55 +/- 4 ml . kg-1 . min-1 with a heart rate of 188 +/- 10 b . min-1 and ventilatory equivalent for oxygen of 37 +/- 3. For the 6 reinfused Ss, hemoglobin and red cell volume (RCV) increased by 10% (p less than 0.05) and 11% (p less than 0.05), respectively, posttransfusion. Reinfusion increased (p less than 0.05) VO2max from 4.28 +/- 0.22 L . min-1 (54 +/- 5 ml . kg-1 . min-1) to 4.75 +/- 0.42 L . min-1 (60 +/- 6 ml . kg-1 . min-1) and 4.63 +/- 0.21 L . min-1 (59 +/- 6 ml . kg-1 . min-1) at 3 and 10 d posttransfusion, respectively. No significant relationship was found between the individual change in RCV and VO2max values pre- to posttransfusion. We conclude that Special Forces soldiers have high levels of aerobic fitness that can be further increased by blood reinfusion for at least 10 d. SN - 0095-6562 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/3675460/Elite_special_forces:_physiological_description_and_ergogenic_influence_of_blood_reinfusion_ L2 - https://medlineplus.gov/exerciseandphysicalfitness.html DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -