Tags

Type your tag names separated by a space and hit enter

Molecular Characterization and Selection of Indigenous SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant for the Development of the First Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine of Pakistan.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 07; 11(3)V

Abstract

Vaccines are one of the efficient means available so far for preventing and controlling the infection rate of COVID-19. Several researchers have focused on the whole virus's (SARS-CoV-2) inactivated vaccines which are economically efficient to produce. In Pakistan, multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported since the start of the pandemic in February 2020. Due to the continuous evolution of the virus and economic recessions, the present study was designed to develop an indigenous inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that might help not only to prevent the COVID-19 in Pakistan, it will also save the country's economic resources. The SARS-CoV-2 were isolated and characterized using the Vero-E6 cell culture system. The seed selection was carried out using cross-neutralization assay and phylogenetic analysis. The selected isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19/Pakistan/UHSPK3-UVAS268/2021) was inactivated using beta-propiolactone followed by vaccine formulation using Alum adjuvant, keeping the S protein concentration as 5 μg/dose. The vaccine efficacy was evaluated by in vivo immunogenicity testing in laboratory animals and in in vitro microneutralization test. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the SARS-CoV-2 isolates reported from Pakistan nested into different clades, representing multiple introductions of the virus into Pakistan. The antisera raised against various isolates from different waves in Pakistan showed a varied level of neutralization titers. However, the antisera produced against a variant (hCoV-19/Pakistan/UHSPK3-UVAS268/2021; fourth wave) efficiently neutralized (1:64-1:512) all the tested SARS-CoV-2 isolates. The inactivated whole virus vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 was safe and it also elicited a protective immune response in rabbits and rhesus macaques on the 35th-day post-vaccination. The activity of neutralizing antibodies of vaccinated animals was found at 1:256-1:1024 at 35 days post-vaccination, indicating the effectiveness of the double-dose regime of the indigenous SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Links

Authors+Show Affiliations

Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

Department of Epidemiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan. Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore 53810, Pakistan.

Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

36992191

Citation

Aziz, Muhammad Waqar, et al. "Molecular Characterization and Selection of Indigenous SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant for the Development of the First Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine of Pakistan." Vaccines, vol. 11, no. 3, 2023.

Aziz MW, Mukhtar N, Anjum AA, et al. Molecular Characterization and Selection of Indigenous SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant for the Development of the First Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine of Pakistan. Vaccines (Basel). 2023;11(3).

Aziz, M. W., Mukhtar, N., Anjum, A. A., Mushtaq, M. H., Shahid, M. F., Ali, M., Shabbir, M. A. B., Ali, M. A., Nawaz, M., & Yaqub, T. (2023). Molecular Characterization and Selection of Indigenous SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant for the Development of the First Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine of Pakistan. Vaccines, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030607

Aziz MW, et al. Molecular Characterization and Selection of Indigenous SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant for the Development of the First Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine of Pakistan. Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 7;11(3) PubMed PMID: 36992191.

* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case

TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Characterization and Selection of Indigenous SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant for the Development of the First Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine of Pakistan. AU - Aziz,Muhammad Waqar, AU - Mukhtar,Nadia, AU - Anjum,Aftab Ahamd, AU - Mushtaq,Muhammad Hassan, AU - Shahid,Muhammad Furqan, AU - Ali,Muzaffar, AU - Shabbir,Muhammad Abu Bakr, AU - Ali,Muhammad Asad, AU - Nawaz,Muhammad, AU - Yaqub,Tahir, Y1 - 2023/03/07/ PY - 2023/01/06/received PY - 2023/02/22/revised PY - 2023/02/23/accepted PY - 2023/3/31/medline PY - 2023/3/30/entrez PY - 2023/3/31/pubmed KW - SARS-CoV-2 KW - Vero-E6 cell KW - rhesus macaque KW - vaccine JF - Vaccines JO - Vaccines (Basel) VL - 11 IS - 3 N2 - Vaccines are one of the efficient means available so far for preventing and controlling the infection rate of COVID-19. Several researchers have focused on the whole virus's (SARS-CoV-2) inactivated vaccines which are economically efficient to produce. In Pakistan, multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported since the start of the pandemic in February 2020. Due to the continuous evolution of the virus and economic recessions, the present study was designed to develop an indigenous inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that might help not only to prevent the COVID-19 in Pakistan, it will also save the country's economic resources. The SARS-CoV-2 were isolated and characterized using the Vero-E6 cell culture system. The seed selection was carried out using cross-neutralization assay and phylogenetic analysis. The selected isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (hCoV-19/Pakistan/UHSPK3-UVAS268/2021) was inactivated using beta-propiolactone followed by vaccine formulation using Alum adjuvant, keeping the S protein concentration as 5 μg/dose. The vaccine efficacy was evaluated by in vivo immunogenicity testing in laboratory animals and in in vitro microneutralization test. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the SARS-CoV-2 isolates reported from Pakistan nested into different clades, representing multiple introductions of the virus into Pakistan. The antisera raised against various isolates from different waves in Pakistan showed a varied level of neutralization titers. However, the antisera produced against a variant (hCoV-19/Pakistan/UHSPK3-UVAS268/2021; fourth wave) efficiently neutralized (1:64-1:512) all the tested SARS-CoV-2 isolates. The inactivated whole virus vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 was safe and it also elicited a protective immune response in rabbits and rhesus macaques on the 35th-day post-vaccination. The activity of neutralizing antibodies of vaccinated animals was found at 1:256-1:1024 at 35 days post-vaccination, indicating the effectiveness of the double-dose regime of the indigenous SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. SN - 2076-393X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/36992191/Molecular_Characterization_and_Selection_of_Indigenous_SARS_CoV_2_Delta_Variant_for_the_Development_of_the_First_Inactivated_SARS_CoV_2_Vaccine_of_Pakistan_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -