Tags

Type your tag names separated by a space and hit enter

Monkeypox (Mpox) requires continued surveillance, vaccines, therapeutics and mitigating strategies.
Vaccine. 2023 05 11; 41(20):3171-3177.V

Abstract

The widespread outbreak of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) recognized in 2022 poses new challenges for public healthcare systems worldwide. With more than 86,000 people infected, there is concern that MPXV may become endemic outside of its original geographical area leading to repeated human spillover infections or continue to be spread person-to-person. Fortunately, classical public health measures (e.g., isolation, contact tracing and quarantine) and vaccination have blunted the spread of the virus, but cases are continuing to be reported in 28 countries in March 2023. We describe here the vaccines and drugs available for the prevention and treatment of MPXV infections. However, although their efficacy against monkeypox (mpox) has been established in animal models, little is known about their efficacy in the current outbreak setting. The continuing opportunity for transmission raises concerns about the potential for evolution of the virus and for expansion beyond the current risk groups. The priorities for action are clear: 1) more data on the efficacy of vaccines and drugs in infected humans must be gathered; 2) global collaborations are necessary to ensure that government authorities work with the private sector in developed and low and middle income countries (LMICs) to provide the availability of treatments and vaccines, especially in historically endemic/enzootic areas; 3) diagnostic and surveillance capacity must be increased to identify areas and populations where the virus is present and may seed resurgence; 4) those at high risk of severe outcomes (e.g., immunocompromised, untreated HIV, pregnant women, and inflammatory skin conditions) must be informed of the risk of infection and be protected from community transmission of MPXV; 5) engagement with the hardest hit communities in a non-stigmatizing way is needed to increase the understanding and acceptance of public health measures; and 6) repositories of monkeypox clinical samples, including blood, fluids, tissues and lesion material must be established for researchers. This MPXV outbreak is a warning that pandemic preparedness plans need additional coordination and resources. We must prepare for continuing transmission, resurgence, and repeated spillovers of MPXV.

Links

PMC Free PDF

Authors+Show Affiliations

Roper RL
Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, USA. Electronic address: roperr@ecu.edu.
Garzino-Demo A
Department of Molecular, Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Del Rio C
Emory Center for AIDS Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Bréchot C
University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
Gallo R
Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Hall W
Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases at University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Esparza J
Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Reitz M
Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Schinazi RF
Center for ViroScience and Cure, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, USA.
Parrington M
Vaccine R&D, Sanofi, Waltham, MA, USA.
Tartaglia J
Vaccine R&D, Sanofi, Swiftwater, PA, USA.
Koopmans M
Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Osorio J
Global Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Nitsche A
Robert Koch Institute, Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, German Reference Laboratory for Poxviruses, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Germany.
Huan TB
DSO National Laboratories, Respiratory and Infectious Disease Program, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
LeDuc J
University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Gessain A
Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Weaver S
Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Mahalingam S
Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics Group, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia.
Abimiku A
Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Vahlne A
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Segales J
Unitat Mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA) and Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinàriaia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Wang L
Programme for Research in Epidemic Preparedness and Response (PREPARE), and Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases at Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
Isaacs SN
Division of Infectious Diseases Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Osterhaus A
Center of Infection Medicine and Zoonosis Research, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany.
Scheuermann RH
Department of Informatics, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
McFadden G
Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, USA.

MeSH

PregnancyAnimalsHumansFemaleMonkeypoxMonkeypox virusVaccinesVaccinationDisease Outbreaks

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

37088603

Citation

Roper, Rachel L., et al. "Monkeypox (Mpox) Requires Continued Surveillance, Vaccines, Therapeutics and Mitigating Strategies." Vaccine, vol. 41, no. 20, 2023, pp. 3171-3177.
Roper RL, Garzino-Demo A, Del Rio C, et al. Monkeypox (Mpox) requires continued surveillance, vaccines, therapeutics and mitigating strategies. Vaccine. 2023;41(20):3171-3177.
Roper, R. L., Garzino-Demo, A., Del Rio, C., Bréchot, C., Gallo, R., Hall, W., Esparza, J., Reitz, M., Schinazi, R. F., Parrington, M., Tartaglia, J., Koopmans, M., Osorio, J., Nitsche, A., Huan, T. B., LeDuc, J., Gessain, A., Weaver, S., Mahalingam, S., ... McFadden, G. (2023). Monkeypox (Mpox) requires continued surveillance, vaccines, therapeutics and mitigating strategies. Vaccine, 41(20), 3171-3177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.010
Roper RL, et al. Monkeypox (Mpox) Requires Continued Surveillance, Vaccines, Therapeutics and Mitigating Strategies. Vaccine. 2023 05 11;41(20):3171-3177. PubMed PMID: 37088603.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Monkeypox (Mpox) requires continued surveillance, vaccines, therapeutics and mitigating strategies. AU - Roper,Rachel L, AU - Garzino-Demo,Alfredo, AU - Del Rio,Carlos, AU - Bréchot,Christian, AU - Gallo,Robert, AU - Hall,William, AU - Esparza,José, AU - Reitz,Marvin, AU - Schinazi,Raymond F, AU - Parrington,Mark, AU - Tartaglia,James, AU - Koopmans,Marion, AU - Osorio,Jorge, AU - Nitsche,Andreas, AU - Huan,Tan Boon, AU - LeDuc,James, AU - Gessain,Antoine, AU - Weaver,Scott, AU - Mahalingam,Suresh, AU - Abimiku,Alash'le, AU - Vahlne,Anders, AU - Segales,Joaquim, AU - Wang,Linfa, AU - Isaacs,Stuart N, AU - Osterhaus,Albert, AU - Scheuermann,Richard H, AU - McFadden,Grant, Y1 - 2023/04/21/ PY - 2022/10/07/received PY - 2023/04/03/accepted PY - 2023/5/16/medline PY - 2023/4/24/pubmed PY - 2023/04/23/entrez KW - Anti-virals KW - Monkeypox KW - Orthopoxvirus vaccine KW - Poxvirus KW - Smallpox vaccine KW - Vaccine KW - mpox SP - 3171 EP - 3177 JF - Vaccine JO - Vaccine VL - 41 IS - 20 N2 - The widespread outbreak of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) recognized in 2022 poses new challenges for public healthcare systems worldwide. With more than 86,000 people infected, there is concern that MPXV may become endemic outside of its original geographical area leading to repeated human spillover infections or continue to be spread person-to-person. Fortunately, classical public health measures (e.g., isolation, contact tracing and quarantine) and vaccination have blunted the spread of the virus, but cases are continuing to be reported in 28 countries in March 2023. We describe here the vaccines and drugs available for the prevention and treatment of MPXV infections. However, although their efficacy against monkeypox (mpox) has been established in animal models, little is known about their efficacy in the current outbreak setting. The continuing opportunity for transmission raises concerns about the potential for evolution of the virus and for expansion beyond the current risk groups. The priorities for action are clear: 1) more data on the efficacy of vaccines and drugs in infected humans must be gathered; 2) global collaborations are necessary to ensure that government authorities work with the private sector in developed and low and middle income countries (LMICs) to provide the availability of treatments and vaccines, especially in historically endemic/enzootic areas; 3) diagnostic and surveillance capacity must be increased to identify areas and populations where the virus is present and may seed resurgence; 4) those at high risk of severe outcomes (e.g., immunocompromised, untreated HIV, pregnant women, and inflammatory skin conditions) must be informed of the risk of infection and be protected from community transmission of MPXV; 5) engagement with the hardest hit communities in a non-stigmatizing way is needed to increase the understanding and acceptance of public health measures; and 6) repositories of monkeypox clinical samples, including blood, fluids, tissues and lesion material must be established for researchers. This MPXV outbreak is a warning that pandemic preparedness plans need additional coordination and resources. We must prepare for continuing transmission, resurgence, and repeated spillovers of MPXV. SN - 1873-2518 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/37088603/Monkeypox__Mpox__requires_continued_surveillance_vaccines_therapeutics_and_mitigating_strategies_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -