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Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentrations in soil and fruits of selected perennial economic trees growing naturally in the vicinity of the abandoned mining ponds in Kuba, Bokkos Local Government Area (LGA) Plateau State, Nigeria.
Environ Geochem Health. 2023 Aug; 45(8):5893-5914.EG

Abstract

This study was designed to determine the level of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in soil and selected fruits and assesses the health risk of inhabitants in the abandoned tin mining community in Kuba, Bokkos LGA. Samples of the abandoned mine soil and selected fruits mango (Magnifera indica), guava (Psidium guajava), avocado pear (Persea americana), and banana (Musa spp)) from the vicinity of the abandoned mine were analyzed for the presence of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the levels of all the PTEs analysed in the abandoned mine soil samples were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than their corresponding values in the control soil from the non-mining area. Except for Cd, the mean concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb were significantly higher than the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limit. Except for Zn in guava fruits and Cd in avocado fruits, the mean concentration of PTEs in fruits from abandoned mines was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than their corresponding control values. In contrast, the mean levels of As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb in the investigated fruits were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than FAO/WHO maximum permissible limits established for fruits. The studied fruits remarkably took up and bioaccumulated PTEs from the abandoned mine soil. Mango fruit significantly bioaccumulated As (5.40), Cd (3.40), and Zn (2.81). Guava fruit bioaccumulated As (1.50) and Cd (4.60), while avocado bioaccumulated As (3.53), Cd (3.80), and Zn (6.48). Banana bioaccumulated As (0.96), Cd (0.80), and Zn (6.78). The hazard quotient values for PTEs investigated in fruits for adults, and children were several folds greater than 1. The hazard index (HI) for the PTEs through consuming fruits for children and adults was greater than 1, indicating that possible health risks exist for both local children and adults. However, the HI values for the children were higher than those for adults, implying that children were exposed to more potential noncarcinogenic health risks from PTEs than adults. The total cancer risk (TCR) values for Cr and Ni for all the fruits studied were within 10[-3]-10[-1], which is several-fold higher than the permissible limits (10[-6] and < 10[-4]), indicating high carcinogenic risk. TCR values for Cd and Pb in all the fruits, except for Cd in guava and avocado fruits for children, were within the range of 10[-5]-10[-4], indicating that they are associated with moderate risk. The CR values for all the PTEs in all the fruits for adults and children except for mango fruit adults were within 10[-2]-10[-1], indicating high carcinogenic risk. In conclusion, the results and risk assessment provided by this study indicate that human exposure to fruits from abandoned mines suggests a high vulnerability of the local community to PTE toxicity. Long-term preventive measures to safeguard the health of the residents need to be put in place.

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Publisher Full Text (DOI)

Authors+Show Affiliations

Mafulul SG
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. mafsimonsg@yahoo.com.
Joel EB
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Gushit J
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Jos, P.M.B. 2084, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

MeSH

ChildAdultHumansMetals, HeavyCadmiumFruitTreesPondsLocal GovernmentSoilNigeriaLeadEnvironmental MonitoringZincManganeseNickelArsenicChromiumRisk AssessmentReceptors, Antigen, T-CellSoil PollutantsChina

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

37183215

Citation

Mafulul, Simon Gabriel, et al. "Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) Concentrations in Soil and Fruits of Selected Perennial Economic Trees Growing Naturally in the Vicinity of the Abandoned Mining Ponds in Kuba, Bokkos Local Government Area (LGA) Plateau State, Nigeria." Environmental Geochemistry and Health, vol. 45, no. 8, 2023, pp. 5893-5914.
Mafulul SG, Joel EB, Gushit J. Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentrations in soil and fruits of selected perennial economic trees growing naturally in the vicinity of the abandoned mining ponds in Kuba, Bokkos Local Government Area (LGA) Plateau State, Nigeria. Environ Geochem Health. 2023;45(8):5893-5914.
Mafulul, S. G., Joel, E. B., & Gushit, J. (2023). Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentrations in soil and fruits of selected perennial economic trees growing naturally in the vicinity of the abandoned mining ponds in Kuba, Bokkos Local Government Area (LGA) Plateau State, Nigeria. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 45(8), 5893-5914. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01600-0
Mafulul SG, Joel EB, Gushit J. Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) Concentrations in Soil and Fruits of Selected Perennial Economic Trees Growing Naturally in the Vicinity of the Abandoned Mining Ponds in Kuba, Bokkos Local Government Area (LGA) Plateau State, Nigeria. Environ Geochem Health. 2023;45(8):5893-5914. PubMed PMID: 37183215.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentrations in soil and fruits of selected perennial economic trees growing naturally in the vicinity of the abandoned mining ponds in Kuba, Bokkos Local Government Area (LGA) Plateau State, Nigeria. AU - Mafulul,Simon Gabriel, AU - Joel,Enoch Banbilbwa, AU - Gushit,John, Y1 - 2023/05/15/ PY - 2022/07/12/received PY - 2023/04/27/accepted PY - 2023/8/7/medline PY - 2023/5/15/pubmed PY - 2023/5/14/entrez KW - Abandoned mine KW - Fruits KW - Human health risk KW - Kuba mine KW - Potentially toxic elements KW - Tin mine SP - 5893 EP - 5914 JF - Environmental geochemistry and health JO - Environ Geochem Health VL - 45 IS - 8 N2 - This study was designed to determine the level of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination in soil and selected fruits and assesses the health risk of inhabitants in the abandoned tin mining community in Kuba, Bokkos LGA. Samples of the abandoned mine soil and selected fruits mango (Magnifera indica), guava (Psidium guajava), avocado pear (Persea americana), and banana (Musa spp)) from the vicinity of the abandoned mine were analyzed for the presence of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the levels of all the PTEs analysed in the abandoned mine soil samples were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than their corresponding values in the control soil from the non-mining area. Except for Cd, the mean concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb were significantly higher than the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limit. Except for Zn in guava fruits and Cd in avocado fruits, the mean concentration of PTEs in fruits from abandoned mines was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than their corresponding control values. In contrast, the mean levels of As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb in the investigated fruits were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than FAO/WHO maximum permissible limits established for fruits. The studied fruits remarkably took up and bioaccumulated PTEs from the abandoned mine soil. Mango fruit significantly bioaccumulated As (5.40), Cd (3.40), and Zn (2.81). Guava fruit bioaccumulated As (1.50) and Cd (4.60), while avocado bioaccumulated As (3.53), Cd (3.80), and Zn (6.48). Banana bioaccumulated As (0.96), Cd (0.80), and Zn (6.78). The hazard quotient values for PTEs investigated in fruits for adults, and children were several folds greater than 1. The hazard index (HI) for the PTEs through consuming fruits for children and adults was greater than 1, indicating that possible health risks exist for both local children and adults. However, the HI values for the children were higher than those for adults, implying that children were exposed to more potential noncarcinogenic health risks from PTEs than adults. The total cancer risk (TCR) values for Cr and Ni for all the fruits studied were within 10[-3]-10[-1], which is several-fold higher than the permissible limits (10[-6] and < 10[-4]), indicating high carcinogenic risk. TCR values for Cd and Pb in all the fruits, except for Cd in guava and avocado fruits for children, were within the range of 10[-5]-10[-4], indicating that they are associated with moderate risk. The CR values for all the PTEs in all the fruits for adults and children except for mango fruit adults were within 10[-2]-10[-1], indicating high carcinogenic risk. In conclusion, the results and risk assessment provided by this study indicate that human exposure to fruits from abandoned mines suggests a high vulnerability of the local community to PTE toxicity. Long-term preventive measures to safeguard the health of the residents need to be put in place. SN - 1573-2983 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/37183215/Health_risk_assessment_of_potentially_toxic_elements__PTEs__concentrations_in_soil_and_fruits_of_selected_perennial_economic_trees_growing_naturally_in_the_vicinity_of_the_abandoned_mining_ponds_in_Kuba_Bokkos_Local_Government_Area__LGA__Plateau_State_Nigeria_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -