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The Impact of Serum Levels of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species on the Disease Severity of COVID-19.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 18; 24(10)IJ

Abstract

Elucidation of the redox pathways in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might aid in the treatment and management of the disease. However, the roles of individual reactive oxygen species (ROS) and individual reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in COVID-19 severity have not been studied to date. The main objective of this research was to assess the levels of individual ROS and RNS in the sera of COVID-19 patients. The roles of individual ROS and RNS in COVID-19 severity and their usefulness as potential disease severity biomarkers were also clarified for the first time. The current case-control study enrolled 110 COVID-19-positive patients and 50 healthy controls of both genders. The serum levels of three individual RNS (nitric oxide (NO•), nitrogen dioxide (ONO-), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-)) and four ROS (superoxide anion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) were measured. All subjects underwent thorough clinical and routine laboratory evaluations. The main biochemical markers for disease severity were measured and correlated with the ROS and RNS levels, and they included tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The results indicated that the serum levels of individual ROS and RNS were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than in healthy subjects. The correlations between the serum levels of ROS and RNS and the biochemical markers ranged from moderate to very strongly positive. Moreover, significantly elevated serum levels of ROS and RNS were observed in intensive care unit (ICU) patients compared with non-ICU patients. Thus, ROS and RNS concentrations in serum can be used as biomarkers to track the prognosis of COVID-19. This investigation demonstrated that oxidative and nitrative stress play a role in the etiology of COVID-19 and contribute to disease severity; thus, ROS and RNS are probable innovative targets in COVID-19 therapeutics.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Ahmed SA
Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 30001, Saudi Arabia.
Alahmadi YM
Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 30001, Saudi Arabia.
Abdou YA
Ohud Hospital, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 42354, Saudi Arabia.

MeSH

HumansFemaleMaleReactive Oxygen SpeciesOxygenHydrogen PeroxideCase-Control StudiesCOVID-19Reactive Nitrogen SpeciesNitric OxideBiomarkersPatient Acuity

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

37240319

Citation

Ahmed, Sameh A., et al. "The Impact of Serum Levels of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species On the Disease Severity of COVID-19." International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 24, no. 10, 2023.
Ahmed SA, Alahmadi YM, Abdou YA. The Impact of Serum Levels of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species on the Disease Severity of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(10).
Ahmed, S. A., Alahmadi, Y. M., & Abdou, Y. A. (2023). The Impact of Serum Levels of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species on the Disease Severity of COVID-19. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108973
Ahmed SA, Alahmadi YM, Abdou YA. The Impact of Serum Levels of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species On the Disease Severity of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 18;24(10) PubMed PMID: 37240319.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of Serum Levels of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species on the Disease Severity of COVID-19. AU - Ahmed,Sameh A, AU - Alahmadi,Yaser M, AU - Abdou,Yasser A, Y1 - 2023/05/18/ PY - 2023/4/30/received PY - 2023/5/14/revised PY - 2023/5/16/accepted PY - 2023/5/29/medline PY - 2023/5/27/pubmed PY - 2023/5/27/entrez KW - COVID-19 KW - angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 KW - interleukin-6 KW - reactive nitrogen species KW - reactive oxygen species KW - tumor necrosis factor-alpha JF - International journal of molecular sciences JO - Int J Mol Sci VL - 24 IS - 10 N2 - Elucidation of the redox pathways in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might aid in the treatment and management of the disease. However, the roles of individual reactive oxygen species (ROS) and individual reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in COVID-19 severity have not been studied to date. The main objective of this research was to assess the levels of individual ROS and RNS in the sera of COVID-19 patients. The roles of individual ROS and RNS in COVID-19 severity and their usefulness as potential disease severity biomarkers were also clarified for the first time. The current case-control study enrolled 110 COVID-19-positive patients and 50 healthy controls of both genders. The serum levels of three individual RNS (nitric oxide (NO•), nitrogen dioxide (ONO-), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-)) and four ROS (superoxide anion (O2•-), hydroxyl radical (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) were measured. All subjects underwent thorough clinical and routine laboratory evaluations. The main biochemical markers for disease severity were measured and correlated with the ROS and RNS levels, and they included tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The results indicated that the serum levels of individual ROS and RNS were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than in healthy subjects. The correlations between the serum levels of ROS and RNS and the biochemical markers ranged from moderate to very strongly positive. Moreover, significantly elevated serum levels of ROS and RNS were observed in intensive care unit (ICU) patients compared with non-ICU patients. Thus, ROS and RNS concentrations in serum can be used as biomarkers to track the prognosis of COVID-19. This investigation demonstrated that oxidative and nitrative stress play a role in the etiology of COVID-19 and contribute to disease severity; thus, ROS and RNS are probable innovative targets in COVID-19 therapeutics. SN - 1422-0067 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/37240319/The_Impact_of_Serum_Levels_of_Reactive_Oxygen_and_Nitrogen_Species_on_the_Disease_Severity_of_COVID_19_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -