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Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean: Reconciling the Multiplicity of Ciguatoxins and Analytical Chemistry Approach for Public Health Safety.
Toxins (Basel). 2023 07 10; 15(7)T

Abstract

Ciguatera is a major circumtropical poisoning caused by the consumption of marine fish and invertebrates contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs): neurotoxins produced by endemic and benthic dinoflagellates which are biotransformed in the fish food-web. We provide a history of ciguatera research conducted over the past 70 years on ciguatoxins from the Pacific Ocean (P-CTXs) and Caribbean Sea (C-CTXs) and describe their main chemical, biochemical, and toxicological properties. Currently, there is no official method for the extraction and quantification of ciguatoxins, regardless their origin, mainly due to limited CTX-certified reference materials. In this review, the extraction and purification procedures of C-CTXs are investigated, considering specific objectives such as isolating reference materials, analysing fish toxin profiles, or ensuring food safety control. Certain in vitro assays may provide sufficient sensitivity to detect C-CTXs at sub-ppb levels in fish, but they do not allow for individual identification of CTXs. Recent advances in analysis using liquid chromatography coupled with low- or high-resolution mass spectrometry provide new opportunities to identify known C-CTXs, to gain structural insights into new analogues, and to quantify C-CTXs. Together, these methods reveal that ciguatera arises from a multiplicity of CTXs, although one major form (C-CTX-1) seems to dominate. However, questions arise regarding the abundance and instability of certain C-CTXs, which are further complicated by the wide array of CTX-producing dinoflagellates and fish vectors. Further research is needed to assess the toxic potential of the new C-CTX and their role in ciguatera fish poisoning. With the identification of C-CTXs in the coastal USA and Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the investigation of ciguatera fish poisoning is now a truly global effort.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Pottier I
Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, France.
Lewis RJ
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
Vernoux JP
Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, France.

MeSH

AnimalsCiguatera PoisoningCiguatoxinsPublic HealthFishesDinoflagellidaCaribbean Region

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

37505722

Citation

Pottier, Ivannah, et al. "Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean: Reconciling the Multiplicity of Ciguatoxins and Analytical Chemistry Approach for Public Health Safety." Toxins, vol. 15, no. 7, 2023.
Pottier I, Lewis RJ, Vernoux JP. Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean: Reconciling the Multiplicity of Ciguatoxins and Analytical Chemistry Approach for Public Health Safety. Toxins (Basel). 2023;15(7).
Pottier, I., Lewis, R. J., & Vernoux, J. P. (2023). Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean: Reconciling the Multiplicity of Ciguatoxins and Analytical Chemistry Approach for Public Health Safety. Toxins, 15(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15070453
Pottier I, Lewis RJ, Vernoux JP. Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean: Reconciling the Multiplicity of Ciguatoxins and Analytical Chemistry Approach for Public Health Safety. Toxins (Basel). 2023 07 10;15(7) PubMed PMID: 37505722.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean: Reconciling the Multiplicity of Ciguatoxins and Analytical Chemistry Approach for Public Health Safety. AU - Pottier,Ivannah, AU - Lewis,Richard J, AU - Vernoux,Jean-Paul, Y1 - 2023/07/10/ PY - 2023/06/02/received PY - 2023/06/29/revised PY - 2023/07/01/accepted PY - 2023/7/31/medline PY - 2023/7/28/pubmed PY - 2023/7/28/entrez KW - Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean KW - Caribbean ciguatoxins KW - Gambierdiscus KW - LC-HRMS KW - LC-MS KW - ciguatera fish poisoning KW - ciguatoxins isolation KW - fish toxins KW - food safety KW - marine biotoxins KW - mass spectrometry analysis KW - phycotoxins JF - Toxins JO - Toxins (Basel) VL - 15 IS - 7 N2 - Ciguatera is a major circumtropical poisoning caused by the consumption of marine fish and invertebrates contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs): neurotoxins produced by endemic and benthic dinoflagellates which are biotransformed in the fish food-web. We provide a history of ciguatera research conducted over the past 70 years on ciguatoxins from the Pacific Ocean (P-CTXs) and Caribbean Sea (C-CTXs) and describe their main chemical, biochemical, and toxicological properties. Currently, there is no official method for the extraction and quantification of ciguatoxins, regardless their origin, mainly due to limited CTX-certified reference materials. In this review, the extraction and purification procedures of C-CTXs are investigated, considering specific objectives such as isolating reference materials, analysing fish toxin profiles, or ensuring food safety control. Certain in vitro assays may provide sufficient sensitivity to detect C-CTXs at sub-ppb levels in fish, but they do not allow for individual identification of CTXs. Recent advances in analysis using liquid chromatography coupled with low- or high-resolution mass spectrometry provide new opportunities to identify known C-CTXs, to gain structural insights into new analogues, and to quantify C-CTXs. Together, these methods reveal that ciguatera arises from a multiplicity of CTXs, although one major form (C-CTX-1) seems to dominate. However, questions arise regarding the abundance and instability of certain C-CTXs, which are further complicated by the wide array of CTX-producing dinoflagellates and fish vectors. Further research is needed to assess the toxic potential of the new C-CTX and their role in ciguatera fish poisoning. With the identification of C-CTXs in the coastal USA and Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the investigation of ciguatera fish poisoning is now a truly global effort. SN - 2072-6651 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/37505722/Ciguatera_Fish_Poisoning_in_the_Caribbean_Sea_and_Atlantic_Ocean:_Reconciling_the_Multiplicity_of_Ciguatoxins_and_Analytical_Chemistry_Approach_for_Public_Health_Safety_ DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -