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First passage times as environmental safety indicators: carboxyhemoglobin from cigarette smoke.
Biometrics. 1979 Sep; 35(3):539-48.B

Abstract

The concentration of carbon monoxide in the blood of a cigarette smoker varies in response to the frequency and dose of CO delivered by the cigarettes he smokes and by the rate at which CO washes out of his blood. Moments of first passage times or exit times above a nominal threshold can be calculated using a stochastic differential equation that takes into account certain random variations in smoking intervals. CO doses, and washout rate. Almost any additional source of variation decreases in length of time a smoker may expect to smoke until a threshold value is exceeded. In particular the methodology proposed by Gori (1976) and Gori and Lynch (1978) for constant intervals, doses and rate may greatly overestimate the length of the "low-risk" interval for carbon monoxide concentration. One possible modification that may reduce CO hazards is to smoke less from each cigarette, even when this may be partially compensated by increased frequency of smoking.

Links

Publisher Full Text

Authors

Marcus AH
No affiliation info available
Czajkowski S
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AbsorptionCarbon MonoxideCarboxyhemoglobinHemoglobinsHumansMathematicsSmoking

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

497340

Citation

Marcus, A H., and S Czajkowski. "First Passage Times as Environmental Safety Indicators: Carboxyhemoglobin From Cigarette Smoke." Biometrics, vol. 35, no. 3, 1979, pp. 539-48.
Marcus AH, Czajkowski S. First passage times as environmental safety indicators: carboxyhemoglobin from cigarette smoke. Biometrics. 1979;35(3):539-48.
Marcus, A. H., & Czajkowski, S. (1979). First passage times as environmental safety indicators: carboxyhemoglobin from cigarette smoke. Biometrics, 35(3), 539-48.
Marcus AH, Czajkowski S. First Passage Times as Environmental Safety Indicators: Carboxyhemoglobin From Cigarette Smoke. Biometrics. 1979;35(3):539-48. PubMed PMID: 497340.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - First passage times as environmental safety indicators: carboxyhemoglobin from cigarette smoke. AU - Marcus,A H, AU - Czajkowski,S,Jr PY - 1979/9/1/pubmed PY - 2001/3/28/medline PY - 1979/9/1/entrez SP - 539 EP - 48 JF - Biometrics JO - Biometrics VL - 35 IS - 3 N2 - The concentration of carbon monoxide in the blood of a cigarette smoker varies in response to the frequency and dose of CO delivered by the cigarettes he smokes and by the rate at which CO washes out of his blood. Moments of first passage times or exit times above a nominal threshold can be calculated using a stochastic differential equation that takes into account certain random variations in smoking intervals. CO doses, and washout rate. Almost any additional source of variation decreases in length of time a smoker may expect to smoke until a threshold value is exceeded. In particular the methodology proposed by Gori (1976) and Gori and Lynch (1978) for constant intervals, doses and rate may greatly overestimate the length of the "low-risk" interval for carbon monoxide concentration. One possible modification that may reduce CO hazards is to smoke less from each cigarette, even when this may be partially compensated by increased frequency of smoking. SN - 0006-341X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/497340/First_passage_times_as_environmental_safety_indicators:_carboxyhemoglobin_from_cigarette_smoke_ L2 - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0006-341X&date=1979&volume=35&issue=3&spage=539 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -