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Dietary fat, fiber, and carcinogen alter fecal diacylglycerol composition and mass.
Cancer Res. 1995 Jun 01; 55(11):2293-8.CR

Abstract

Fecal diacylglycerols (DAGs) are known activators of protein kinase C (PKC), which in turn modulates colonic epithelial cell growth programs and, therefore, could play a role in the malignant transformation process. However, the effects of physiological modifiers such as diet and carcinogen on fecal DAG mass and composition have not been reported. We therefore designed a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial study (2 fats: corn oil and fish oil; 2 fibers: pectin and cellulose; with and without carcinogen). Rats were provided with diets for 5 weeks. Three weeks after the second injection of azoxymethane, feces were collected from 10 rats/treatment (n = 80 total) and analyzed for DAG mass and fatty acyl composition by combined TLC and gas chromatography. Dietary fat had a significant effect on the mol% fatty acyl composition of fecal DAG. Greater amounts of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3) were detected in fecal DAG of fish oil-fed animals relative to corn oil (P < 0.001). In contrast, corn oil resulted in a higher mol % of 18:2n-6 relative to fish oil (P < 0.016). The most salient effect of fiber was on total production (nmol/day) of DAG, which was 2.5 times higher with cellulose than pectin supplementation. In addition, there was an effect of fiber on both mol % and concentration of 22:6n-3, with cellulose producing higher amounts relative to pectin (P < 0.04). A significant interaction between fat and fiber was observed with nmols of 17:0 excreted in 24 h, with fish oil/cellulose producing 94.2 nmol as compared to 3.5 seen with corn oil/pectin (P < 0.02). There was a significant interaction between fat and carcinogen on all of the DAG n-3 fatty acids, which were elevated with carcinogen/fish oil treatment. These data show that fat, fiber, and carcinogen can modulate the fatty acyl composition and mass of fecal DAG. Since the production of fecal DAG, an activator of PKC, may alter colonic mucosal cell proliferation, our data offer insight into a mechanism by which diet may modify the risk of colon cancer development.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Pickering JS
Faculty of Nutrition, Molecular and Cell Biology Group, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2471, USA.
Lupton JR
No affiliation info available
Chapkin RS
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AnimalsAzo CompoundsCarcinogensColonic NeoplasmsDietary FatsDietary FiberDiglyceridesDisease Models, AnimalFecesMaleRatsRats, Sprague-Dawley

Pub Type(s)

Comparative Study
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

7757978

Citation

Pickering, J S., et al. "Dietary Fat, Fiber, and Carcinogen Alter Fecal Diacylglycerol Composition and Mass." Cancer Research, vol. 55, no. 11, 1995, pp. 2293-8.
Pickering JS, Lupton JR, Chapkin RS. Dietary fat, fiber, and carcinogen alter fecal diacylglycerol composition and mass. Cancer Res. 1995;55(11):2293-8.
Pickering, J. S., Lupton, J. R., & Chapkin, R. S. (1995). Dietary fat, fiber, and carcinogen alter fecal diacylglycerol composition and mass. Cancer Research, 55(11), 2293-8.
Pickering JS, Lupton JR, Chapkin RS. Dietary Fat, Fiber, and Carcinogen Alter Fecal Diacylglycerol Composition and Mass. Cancer Res. 1995 Jun 1;55(11):2293-8. PubMed PMID: 7757978.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary fat, fiber, and carcinogen alter fecal diacylglycerol composition and mass. AU - Pickering,J S, AU - Lupton,J R, AU - Chapkin,R S, PY - 1995/6/1/pubmed PY - 1995/6/1/medline PY - 1995/6/1/entrez SP - 2293 EP - 8 JF - Cancer research JO - Cancer Res VL - 55 IS - 11 N2 - Fecal diacylglycerols (DAGs) are known activators of protein kinase C (PKC), which in turn modulates colonic epithelial cell growth programs and, therefore, could play a role in the malignant transformation process. However, the effects of physiological modifiers such as diet and carcinogen on fecal DAG mass and composition have not been reported. We therefore designed a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial study (2 fats: corn oil and fish oil; 2 fibers: pectin and cellulose; with and without carcinogen). Rats were provided with diets for 5 weeks. Three weeks after the second injection of azoxymethane, feces were collected from 10 rats/treatment (n = 80 total) and analyzed for DAG mass and fatty acyl composition by combined TLC and gas chromatography. Dietary fat had a significant effect on the mol% fatty acyl composition of fecal DAG. Greater amounts of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3) were detected in fecal DAG of fish oil-fed animals relative to corn oil (P < 0.001). In contrast, corn oil resulted in a higher mol % of 18:2n-6 relative to fish oil (P < 0.016). The most salient effect of fiber was on total production (nmol/day) of DAG, which was 2.5 times higher with cellulose than pectin supplementation. In addition, there was an effect of fiber on both mol % and concentration of 22:6n-3, with cellulose producing higher amounts relative to pectin (P < 0.04). A significant interaction between fat and fiber was observed with nmols of 17:0 excreted in 24 h, with fish oil/cellulose producing 94.2 nmol as compared to 3.5 seen with corn oil/pectin (P < 0.02). There was a significant interaction between fat and carcinogen on all of the DAG n-3 fatty acids, which were elevated with carcinogen/fish oil treatment. These data show that fat, fiber, and carcinogen can modulate the fatty acyl composition and mass of fecal DAG. Since the production of fecal DAG, an activator of PKC, may alter colonic mucosal cell proliferation, our data offer insight into a mechanism by which diet may modify the risk of colon cancer development. SN - 0008-5472 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/7757978/Dietary_fat_fiber_and_carcinogen_alter_fecal_diacylglycerol_composition_and_mass_ L2 - http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&amp;pmid=7757978 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -