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Is zinc protoporphyrin an indicator of iron-deficient erythropoiesis in maintenance haemodialysis patients?
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996 Mar; 11(3):492-7.ND

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), a metabolic intermediate generated in the red blood cell by incorporation of zinc instead of iron, has been suggested to be a sensitive and specific parameter of absolute iron deficiency in haemodialysis (HD) patients.

METHODS

We studied 62 HD patients, 29-86 years old, with ZPP levels > 50 mumol/mol haeme (normal value of ZPP < 40 mumol/mol haeme) assessing the value of ZPP as a marker of functional iron deficiency at different cut-off points of ZPP. None of the patients had apparent inflammatory disease, infectious disease, or malignancy. ZPP, haemoglobin, iron and ferritin levels were determined before, and after a 24-week period of once-weekly i.v. administration of 40 mg iron, to determine whether ZPP levels return to normal during adequate iron supplementation (960 mg iron/ patient).

RESULTS

There was no significant change in ZPP levels after iron supplementation in patients with a ZPP > 50 mumol/mol haeme (96.7 +/- 49.8 versus 88.4 +/- 43.5 mumol/mol haeme before and after iron administration respectively, P = n.s.). However, in patients with a ZPP > 90 mumol/mol haeme, there was a significant reduction in ZPP levels (141.2 +/- 54.5 versus 108.0 +/- 48.8 mumol/mol haeme, P < 0.001). Serum ferritin increased significantly in both groups. There was no correlation between ZPP and serum ferritin at any time during the study. There was also no correlation between serum aluminium levels and ZPP and no significant difference in changes in ZPP in patients receiving desferrioxamine therapy compared to those not receiving desferrioxamine therapy. We did find a significant correlation between moderately elevated total blood lead concentrations and ZPP levels at the end of the study. The ZPP levels were not significantly different in the range from 50-110 mumol/mol haeme before and after i.v. iron supplementation in the responders (10% increase of haemoglobin or 20% decrease of the recombinant human erythropoietin dose) compared with the non-responders.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data indicate that ZPP cannot be used to predict the erythropoietic response to iron supplementation. However, ZPP levels may be an indicator of functional iron deficiency due to blockade of the reticuloendothelial iron release in haemodialysis patients.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Braun J
Haemodialysis Unit Nünberg, Germany.
Hammerschmidt M
No affiliation info available
Schreiber M
No affiliation info available
Heidler R
No affiliation info available
Hörl WH
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyEnzyme InhibitorsErythrocytesErythropoiesisFemaleFerric CompoundsFerritinsHeme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)HemoglobinsHumansInfusions, IntravenousKidney Failure, ChronicMaleMiddle AgedProtoporphyrinsRegression AnalysisRenal Dialysis

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article

Language

eng

PubMed ID

8671820

Citation

Braun, J, et al. "Is Zinc Protoporphyrin an Indicator of Iron-deficient Erythropoiesis in Maintenance Haemodialysis Patients?" Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, vol. 11, no. 3, 1996, pp. 492-7.
Braun J, Hammerschmidt M, Schreiber M, et al. Is zinc protoporphyrin an indicator of iron-deficient erythropoiesis in maintenance haemodialysis patients? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996;11(3):492-7.
Braun, J., Hammerschmidt, M., Schreiber, M., Heidler, R., & Hörl, W. H. (1996). Is zinc protoporphyrin an indicator of iron-deficient erythropoiesis in maintenance haemodialysis patients? Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 11(3), 492-7.
Braun J, et al. Is Zinc Protoporphyrin an Indicator of Iron-deficient Erythropoiesis in Maintenance Haemodialysis Patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1996;11(3):492-7. PubMed PMID: 8671820.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Is zinc protoporphyrin an indicator of iron-deficient erythropoiesis in maintenance haemodialysis patients? AU - Braun,J, AU - Hammerschmidt,M, AU - Schreiber,M, AU - Heidler,R, AU - Hörl,W H, PY - 1996/3/1/pubmed PY - 1996/3/1/medline PY - 1996/3/1/entrez SP - 492 EP - 7 JF - Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association JO - Nephrol Dial Transplant VL - 11 IS - 3 N2 - BACKGROUND: Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), a metabolic intermediate generated in the red blood cell by incorporation of zinc instead of iron, has been suggested to be a sensitive and specific parameter of absolute iron deficiency in haemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS: We studied 62 HD patients, 29-86 years old, with ZPP levels > 50 mumol/mol haeme (normal value of ZPP < 40 mumol/mol haeme) assessing the value of ZPP as a marker of functional iron deficiency at different cut-off points of ZPP. None of the patients had apparent inflammatory disease, infectious disease, or malignancy. ZPP, haemoglobin, iron and ferritin levels were determined before, and after a 24-week period of once-weekly i.v. administration of 40 mg iron, to determine whether ZPP levels return to normal during adequate iron supplementation (960 mg iron/ patient). RESULTS: There was no significant change in ZPP levels after iron supplementation in patients with a ZPP > 50 mumol/mol haeme (96.7 +/- 49.8 versus 88.4 +/- 43.5 mumol/mol haeme before and after iron administration respectively, P = n.s.). However, in patients with a ZPP > 90 mumol/mol haeme, there was a significant reduction in ZPP levels (141.2 +/- 54.5 versus 108.0 +/- 48.8 mumol/mol haeme, P < 0.001). Serum ferritin increased significantly in both groups. There was no correlation between ZPP and serum ferritin at any time during the study. There was also no correlation between serum aluminium levels and ZPP and no significant difference in changes in ZPP in patients receiving desferrioxamine therapy compared to those not receiving desferrioxamine therapy. We did find a significant correlation between moderately elevated total blood lead concentrations and ZPP levels at the end of the study. The ZPP levels were not significantly different in the range from 50-110 mumol/mol haeme before and after i.v. iron supplementation in the responders (10% increase of haemoglobin or 20% decrease of the recombinant human erythropoietin dose) compared with the non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that ZPP cannot be used to predict the erythropoietic response to iron supplementation. However, ZPP levels may be an indicator of functional iron deficiency due to blockade of the reticuloendothelial iron release in haemodialysis patients. SN - 0931-0509 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/8671820/Is_zinc_protoporphyrin_an_indicator_of_iron_deficient_erythropoiesis_in_maintenance_haemodialysis_patients L2 - https://medlineplus.gov/kidneyfailure.html DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -