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Emotion regulation in two-year-olds: strategies and emotional expression in four contexts.
Child Dev. 1996 Jun; 67(3):928-41.CD

Abstract

A descriptive study of the modulation of negative emotion in the toddler period was conducted by examining expressions of negative emotion and the strategies used to reduce or change these expressions. 6 strategies were identified and evaluated in terms of their frequency of use in different situations, relations with emotional expressiveness, and cross-situational consistency. 37 2-year-olds were seen in 2 laboratory contexts (delay and separation) each with 2 variants. Emotion regulation strategies and emotional expressiveness were coded from videotapes of children's behavior in these 4 situations. Findings suggest that active engagement was most commonly used and most negatively associated with child distress. Use of strategies varied by context, and there was more cross-situational consistency in use of strategies that were more negatively or positively associated with distress within a given context than in use of particular strategies without consideration of their within-context significance.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Grolnick WS
School of Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA.
Bridges LJ
No affiliation info available
Connell JP
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Child BehaviorChild, PreschoolEmotionsFemaleFrustrationHumansInternal-External ControlMalePersonality AssessmentPersonality DevelopmentSocialization

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

8706536

Citation

Grolnick, W S., et al. "Emotion Regulation in Two-year-olds: Strategies and Emotional Expression in Four Contexts." Child Development, vol. 67, no. 3, 1996, pp. 928-41.
Grolnick WS, Bridges LJ, Connell JP. Emotion regulation in two-year-olds: strategies and emotional expression in four contexts. Child Dev. 1996;67(3):928-41.
Grolnick, W. S., Bridges, L. J., & Connell, J. P. (1996). Emotion regulation in two-year-olds: strategies and emotional expression in four contexts. Child Development, 67(3), 928-41.
Grolnick WS, Bridges LJ, Connell JP. Emotion Regulation in Two-year-olds: Strategies and Emotional Expression in Four Contexts. Child Dev. 1996;67(3):928-41. PubMed PMID: 8706536.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Emotion regulation in two-year-olds: strategies and emotional expression in four contexts. AU - Grolnick,W S, AU - Bridges,L J, AU - Connell,J P, PY - 1996/6/1/pubmed PY - 1996/6/1/medline PY - 1996/6/1/entrez SP - 928 EP - 41 JF - Child development JO - Child Dev VL - 67 IS - 3 N2 - A descriptive study of the modulation of negative emotion in the toddler period was conducted by examining expressions of negative emotion and the strategies used to reduce or change these expressions. 6 strategies were identified and evaluated in terms of their frequency of use in different situations, relations with emotional expressiveness, and cross-situational consistency. 37 2-year-olds were seen in 2 laboratory contexts (delay and separation) each with 2 variants. Emotion regulation strategies and emotional expressiveness were coded from videotapes of children's behavior in these 4 situations. Findings suggest that active engagement was most commonly used and most negatively associated with child distress. Use of strategies varied by context, and there was more cross-situational consistency in use of strategies that were more negatively or positively associated with distress within a given context than in use of particular strategies without consideration of their within-context significance. SN - 0009-3920 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/8706536/Emotion_regulation_in_two_year_olds:_strategies_and_emotional_expression_in_four_contexts_ L2 - https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0009-3920&date=1996&volume=67&issue=3&spage=928 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -