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Reduced cardiovascular mortality risk in male smokers who are physically active. Results from a 25-year follow-up of the prospective population study men born in 1914.
Arch Intern Med. 1997 Apr 28; 157(8):893-9.AI

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To assess to what extent physical activity during leisure time may modify the mortality risk associated with smoking.

METHODS

Population-based cohort study in the city of Malmö, Sweden. The 642 men included in this study were all born in 1914 and were all free of cardiovascular disease at the baseline examination in 1968 and 1969. Smoking habits and physical activity during leisure time were assessed by a structured questionnaire. Main outcome measures were total and cardiovascular mortality rates during 25 years of follow-up.

RESULTS

The total and cardiovascular mortality rates in smokers were 33.2 per 1000 person-years and 15.9 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Corresponding figures in nonsmokers were 17.8 per 1000 person-years and 7.5 per 1000 person-years. Mortality rates in smokers were strongly related to daily tobacco consumption. Physically active men had lower overall (adjusted relative risk [RR], 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.9) and cardiovascular (adjusted RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9) mortality rates than sedentary men. Physically active men who never smoked (used as the control category) had the lowest death rate, and physically inactive smokers the highest (adjusted RR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.1-6.3). The cardiovascular death rates in these 2 groups were 4.3 per 1000 person-years and 16.6 per 1000 person-years, respectively (adjusted RR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.2-13.6). Vigorous physical activity in smokers was associated with an almost 40% lower cardiovascular mortality rate (RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.2; P = .11).

CONCLUSIONS

Regular physical activity was associated with lower total and cardiovascular mortality rates. Similar effects were observed in both nonsmokers and smokers.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Hedblad B
Department of Community Health Medicine, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden.
Ogren M
No affiliation info available
Isacsson SO
No affiliation info available
Janzon L
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AgedAged, 80 and overCardiovascular DiseasesHealth StatusHumansLeisure ActivitiesMalePhysical ExertionProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRiskSmokingSurveys and QuestionnairesSweden

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

9129549

Citation

Hedblad, B, et al. "Reduced Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Male Smokers Who Are Physically Active. Results From a 25-year Follow-up of the Prospective Population Study Men Born in 1914." Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 157, no. 8, 1997, pp. 893-9.
Hedblad B, Ogren M, Isacsson SO, et al. Reduced cardiovascular mortality risk in male smokers who are physically active. Results from a 25-year follow-up of the prospective population study men born in 1914. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(8):893-9.
Hedblad, B., Ogren, M., Isacsson, S. O., & Janzon, L. (1997). Reduced cardiovascular mortality risk in male smokers who are physically active. Results from a 25-year follow-up of the prospective population study men born in 1914. Archives of Internal Medicine, 157(8), 893-9.
Hedblad B, et al. Reduced Cardiovascular Mortality Risk in Male Smokers Who Are Physically Active. Results From a 25-year Follow-up of the Prospective Population Study Men Born in 1914. Arch Intern Med. 1997 Apr 28;157(8):893-9. PubMed PMID: 9129549.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Reduced cardiovascular mortality risk in male smokers who are physically active. Results from a 25-year follow-up of the prospective population study men born in 1914. AU - Hedblad,B, AU - Ogren,M, AU - Isacsson,S O, AU - Janzon,L, PY - 1997/4/28/pubmed PY - 1997/4/28/medline PY - 1997/4/28/entrez SP - 893 EP - 9 JF - Archives of internal medicine JO - Arch Intern Med VL - 157 IS - 8 N2 - OBJECTIVE: To assess to what extent physical activity during leisure time may modify the mortality risk associated with smoking. METHODS: Population-based cohort study in the city of Malmö, Sweden. The 642 men included in this study were all born in 1914 and were all free of cardiovascular disease at the baseline examination in 1968 and 1969. Smoking habits and physical activity during leisure time were assessed by a structured questionnaire. Main outcome measures were total and cardiovascular mortality rates during 25 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The total and cardiovascular mortality rates in smokers were 33.2 per 1000 person-years and 15.9 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Corresponding figures in nonsmokers were 17.8 per 1000 person-years and 7.5 per 1000 person-years. Mortality rates in smokers were strongly related to daily tobacco consumption. Physically active men had lower overall (adjusted relative risk [RR], 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.9) and cardiovascular (adjusted RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9) mortality rates than sedentary men. Physically active men who never smoked (used as the control category) had the lowest death rate, and physically inactive smokers the highest (adjusted RR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.1-6.3). The cardiovascular death rates in these 2 groups were 4.3 per 1000 person-years and 16.6 per 1000 person-years, respectively (adjusted RR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.2-13.6). Vigorous physical activity in smokers was associated with an almost 40% lower cardiovascular mortality rate (RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.2; P = .11). CONCLUSIONS: Regular physical activity was associated with lower total and cardiovascular mortality rates. Similar effects were observed in both nonsmokers and smokers. SN - 0003-9926 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/9129549/Reduced_cardiovascular_mortality_risk_in_male_smokers_who_are_physically_active__Results_from_a_25_year_follow_up_of_the_prospective_population_study_men_born_in_1914_ L2 - https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/vol/157/pg/893 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -