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Absorption enhancement in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers by sodium caprate: assessment of molecular weight dependence and demonstration of transport routes.
J Drug Target. 1998; 5(3):215-23.JD

Abstract

Sodium caprate (C10), a medium chain fatty acid, is used clinically to enhance rectal absorption of the low molecular weight (MW) drug ampicillin. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether C10 also enhances the permeability of high MW model drugs in a model of the intestinal epithelium. The second aim was to present visual evidence of the route of enhanced transport across the epithelial cell layer. The studies were performed in Caco-2 monolayers cultured on permeable supports. The effects of non-toxic concentrations (< or = 13 mM) of C10 on drug transport across the monolayers was studied using monodisperse 14C-polyethylene glycols (MW 238-502; 14C-PEGs), 125I-Arg5-vasopressin (MW 1,208), 125I-insulin (MW 6,000) and FITC-labelled dextrans (MW 4,400 and 19,600; FD4 and FD20 respectively) as model drugs. Electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to demonstrate transport routes across the epithelium. 10 mM C10 increased the permeability of all 14C-PEGs to approximately the same extent. 13 mM C10 increased the permeability of 125I-Arg8-vasopressin 10-fold. Only small increases in FD4 and FD20 permeabilities were observed. After C10 exposure, both tight junctions with normal morphology and those with dilatations showed an increased permeability to ruthenium red, indicating that C10 enhanced the paracellular transport of molecules with a MW < 1,000. Confocal microscopy showed that C10 increased the transport of FD4 and FD20 by the paracellular route. In conclusion, non-toxic concentrations of C10 can be used to enhance the permeability of drugs of MW up to approximately 1,200. Enhancement of the absorption of molecules larger than 4,000 is quantitatively insignificant. The enhanced permeability occurred via the paracellular pathway.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

Lindmark T
Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Schipper N
No affiliation info available
Lazorová L
No affiliation info available
de Boer AG
No affiliation info available
Artursson P
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Biological TransportCaco-2 CellsDecanoic AcidsHumansIntestinal AbsorptionMicroscopy, ConfocalMicroscopy, ElectronModels, BiologicalMolecular WeightPharmacokinetics

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

9606011

Citation

Lindmark, T, et al. "Absorption Enhancement in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Monolayers By Sodium Caprate: Assessment of Molecular Weight Dependence and Demonstration of Transport Routes." Journal of Drug Targeting, vol. 5, no. 3, 1998, pp. 215-23.
Lindmark T, Schipper N, Lazorová L, et al. Absorption enhancement in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers by sodium caprate: assessment of molecular weight dependence and demonstration of transport routes. J Drug Target. 1998;5(3):215-23.
Lindmark, T., Schipper, N., Lazorová, L., de Boer, A. G., & Artursson, P. (1998). Absorption enhancement in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers by sodium caprate: assessment of molecular weight dependence and demonstration of transport routes. Journal of Drug Targeting, 5(3), 215-23.
Lindmark T, et al. Absorption Enhancement in Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Monolayers By Sodium Caprate: Assessment of Molecular Weight Dependence and Demonstration of Transport Routes. J Drug Target. 1998;5(3):215-23. PubMed PMID: 9606011.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Absorption enhancement in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers by sodium caprate: assessment of molecular weight dependence and demonstration of transport routes. AU - Lindmark,T, AU - Schipper,N, AU - Lazorová,L, AU - de Boer,A G, AU - Artursson,P, PY - 1998/5/30/pubmed PY - 1998/5/30/medline PY - 1998/5/30/entrez SP - 215 EP - 23 JF - Journal of drug targeting JO - J Drug Target VL - 5 IS - 3 N2 - Sodium caprate (C10), a medium chain fatty acid, is used clinically to enhance rectal absorption of the low molecular weight (MW) drug ampicillin. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether C10 also enhances the permeability of high MW model drugs in a model of the intestinal epithelium. The second aim was to present visual evidence of the route of enhanced transport across the epithelial cell layer. The studies were performed in Caco-2 monolayers cultured on permeable supports. The effects of non-toxic concentrations (< or = 13 mM) of C10 on drug transport across the monolayers was studied using monodisperse 14C-polyethylene glycols (MW 238-502; 14C-PEGs), 125I-Arg5-vasopressin (MW 1,208), 125I-insulin (MW 6,000) and FITC-labelled dextrans (MW 4,400 and 19,600; FD4 and FD20 respectively) as model drugs. Electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to demonstrate transport routes across the epithelium. 10 mM C10 increased the permeability of all 14C-PEGs to approximately the same extent. 13 mM C10 increased the permeability of 125I-Arg8-vasopressin 10-fold. Only small increases in FD4 and FD20 permeabilities were observed. After C10 exposure, both tight junctions with normal morphology and those with dilatations showed an increased permeability to ruthenium red, indicating that C10 enhanced the paracellular transport of molecules with a MW < 1,000. Confocal microscopy showed that C10 increased the transport of FD4 and FD20 by the paracellular route. In conclusion, non-toxic concentrations of C10 can be used to enhance the permeability of drugs of MW up to approximately 1,200. Enhancement of the absorption of molecules larger than 4,000 is quantitatively insignificant. The enhanced permeability occurred via the paracellular pathway. SN - 1061-186X UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/9606011/Absorption_enhancement_in_intestinal_epithelial_Caco_2_monolayers_by_sodium_caprate:_assessment_of_molecular_weight_dependence_and_demonstration_of_transport_routes_ L2 - https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/10611869808995876 DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -