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Frequency of the "push-pull effect" in U.S. Air Force fighter operations.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998 Nov; 69(11):1083-6.AS

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Recent investigation into the push-pull effect (PPE), the reduction of +Gz tolerance when preceded by less than +1 Gz, has focused on centrifuge studies to demonstrate the presence of adverse cardiovascular responses. Maneuvers found to cause the Push-Pull Effect (PPEM) have not been studied previously in U.S. Air Force (USAF) fighter aircraft. The frequency of and extent to which PPEMs are performed in fighter aircraft are unknown.

METHODS

Head-up display (HUD) videotapes from F-15 and F-16 air combat training missions were reviewed for the presence of PPEMs. The frequency of engagements containing PPEMs and the magnitude of the Gz profiles were noted.

RESULTS

PPEMs were found in 11 to 67%, of engagements reviewed, depending on the nature of the training mission, with an overall average of 32%. The PPEMs that were observed contained segments of less than +1 Gz, ranging on average from 0.0 to 0.5 Gz for an average of 3.5 to 5 s duration.

CONCLUSIONS

PPEMs are present in air combat training missions performed by today's USAF fighter aircraft and represent an operationally significant source of risk for accidents. These findings support continued research into the physiologic response to PPE and the development of countermeasures.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Michaud VJ
U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX 78235-5252, USA.
Lyons TJ
No affiliation info available
Hansen CM
No affiliation info available

MeSH

AccelerationAccidents, AviationAerospace MedicineAircraftCardiovascular Physiological PhenomenaGravitationHumansMilitary PersonnelRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsUnited States

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Language

eng

PubMed ID

9819166

Citation

Michaud, V J., et al. "Frequency of the "push-pull Effect" in U.S. Air Force Fighter Operations." Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, vol. 69, no. 11, 1998, pp. 1083-6.
Michaud VJ, Lyons TJ, Hansen CM. Frequency of the "push-pull effect" in U.S. Air Force fighter operations. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998;69(11):1083-6.
Michaud, V. J., Lyons, T. J., & Hansen, C. M. (1998). Frequency of the "push-pull effect" in U.S. Air Force fighter operations. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 69(11), 1083-6.
Michaud VJ, Lyons TJ, Hansen CM. Frequency of the "push-pull Effect" in U.S. Air Force Fighter Operations. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998;69(11):1083-6. PubMed PMID: 9819166.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency of the "push-pull effect" in U.S. Air Force fighter operations. AU - Michaud,V J, AU - Lyons,T J, AU - Hansen,C M, PY - 1998/11/18/pubmed PY - 1998/11/18/medline PY - 1998/11/18/entrez SP - 1083 EP - 6 JF - Aviation, space, and environmental medicine JO - Aviat Space Environ Med VL - 69 IS - 11 N2 - BACKGROUND: Recent investigation into the push-pull effect (PPE), the reduction of +Gz tolerance when preceded by less than +1 Gz, has focused on centrifuge studies to demonstrate the presence of adverse cardiovascular responses. Maneuvers found to cause the Push-Pull Effect (PPEM) have not been studied previously in U.S. Air Force (USAF) fighter aircraft. The frequency of and extent to which PPEMs are performed in fighter aircraft are unknown. METHODS: Head-up display (HUD) videotapes from F-15 and F-16 air combat training missions were reviewed for the presence of PPEMs. The frequency of engagements containing PPEMs and the magnitude of the Gz profiles were noted. RESULTS: PPEMs were found in 11 to 67%, of engagements reviewed, depending on the nature of the training mission, with an overall average of 32%. The PPEMs that were observed contained segments of less than +1 Gz, ranging on average from 0.0 to 0.5 Gz for an average of 3.5 to 5 s duration. CONCLUSIONS: PPEMs are present in air combat training missions performed by today's USAF fighter aircraft and represent an operationally significant source of risk for accidents. These findings support continued research into the physiologic response to PPE and the development of countermeasures. SN - 0095-6562 UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/9819166/Frequency_of_the_"push_pull_effect"_in_U_S__Air_Force_fighter_operations_ L2 - https://medlineplus.gov/veteransandmilitaryhealth.html DB - PRIME DP - Unbound Medicine ER -