Lum, D, Oranchuk, DJ, Chen, SE, and Kong, PW. Comparing the effects of push and hold isometric training on strength and musculotendinous adaptations: A within-subject randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 40(9): 1050-1058, 2026-Despite recent interest in delineating pushing (PIMA) and holding (HIMA) isometric muscle actions, training-induced adaptations have not been examined. As such, we compared the strength and morphological adaptations between PIMA and HIMA training. Twenty limbs across 10 adults (5 men, 5 women, age: 31.4 ± 6.5 years) were randomly assigned to PIMA or HIMA conditions and underwent 12 training sessions over 6 weeks. PIMA required subjects to exert force against a fixed lever while the HIMA limb maintained a set joint angle while resisting an isotonic lever. During each contraction, subjects had to exert force at 70% of maximal voluntary contraction for 20 seconds at an 80° knee angle, for 4-6 repetitions. Subjects completed isometric, concentric, and eccentric knee extension assessments for both limbs before and after the intervention. Pre- and postintervention ultrasound scans were performed to determine quadriceps muscle architecture and patellar tendon thickness. Increased isometric torque was found following both conditions (p < 0.05, g = 0.30-0.36), while concentric (p < 0.05, g = 0.31) and eccentric (p < 0.01, g = 0.50) torque only increased following PIMA. Both conditions increased muscle thickness (p < 0.05, g = 0.27-0.88) and vastus lateralis fascicle length (p < 0.05, g = 0.20-0.31). Only HIMA increased patellar tendon thickness (p < 0.05, g = 0.12). The increase in total quadriceps (p < 0.05, g = 0.46) and especially rectus femoris (p < 0.05, g = 1.44) thickness was greater in HIMA. The results suggest that PIMA may be more effective at improving strength, while HIMA may be superior for inducing morphological adaptations. Larger sample sizes and more ecologically valid training programs are warranted to further elucidate potential differences between different isometric types.

Kataoka, R, Yamada, Y, Hammert, WB, Sallberg, RW, Kang, A, Song, JS, Kassiano, W, Metcalf, EE, and Loenneke, JP. Skeletal muscles do not compete for growth: Activating additional muscle mass does not compromise changes in muscle size. J Strength Cond Res 40(9): 1043-1049, 2026-This study investigated whether the magnitude of muscle size and strength differed based on the amount of muscle recruited during training sessions. One hundred five untrained individuals were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: low-load unilateral elbow flexion exercise (a) to failure (LL-Failure, n = 36), (b) to failure and low-load knee extension exercise to failure (LL-Failure + Legs, n = 33), or (c) a time-matched nonexercise control (CON, n = 36). Training groups completed 18 supervised sessions over 6 weeks (2 sets at 30% 1 repetition maximum [1RM] to failure). LL-Failure + Legs group performed 4 additional sets of knee extension exercise in each leg (20-30 RM). Muscle thickness on the anterior upper arm (60 and 70% sites) and elbow flexor 1RM strength of the trained arm were measured at pretesting and posttesting. Changes were compared using the ANCOVA function of Bayes Factors for Informative Hypotheses (prevalues as the covariate). Specific hypotheses were evaluated by comparing Bayes factors and the posterior probabilities between models. Six weeks of training led to increases in muscle size and strength. However, performing additional leg exercise did not attenuate the muscle growth in the anterior upper arm (0.19 cm) compared with performing only arm exercise to failure (0.18 cm). Changes in 1RM strength also did not differ between training groups (0.32 and 0.25 kg for LL-Failure and LL-Failure + Legs, respectively). Overall, there was no evidence for competition of adaptations in muscle size and strength under uncontrolled nutritional conditions. Whether greater training volume or limited nutrient intake induces a competition for resources warrants further investigation.

López-Samanes, Á, Pérez-López, A, Martín-López, J, Montalvo-Alonso, JJ, Muñoz, A, Conejero, M, Sánchez-Jorge, S, -Moreno-Pérez, D, Quintana-Milla, I, and Scanlan, A. Neuromuscular characteristics differ between elite, subelite, and amateur female volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-Adequate neuromuscular development is crucial for female volleyball players to optimally execute game-related tasks; however, neuromuscular differences between playing levels remain underexplored within this population. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare neuromuscular characteristics between elite, subelite, and amateur female volleyball players. Sixty-one female players (22.9 ± 5.4 years) participating in the first-national (elite), second (subelite), and third and fourth (amateur) Spanish Volleyball Divisions took part in this study. Subjects underwent a neuromuscular testing battery consisting of standing spike, jumping spike, countermovement jump, squat jump, maximal spike jump, isometric handgrip, modified agility t test, and star excursion balance assessments. Regarding neuromuscular performance, elite, female volleyball players had faster standing and jumping spike velocities than subelite and amateur players (p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.31-0.36), higher maximal spike jump height than amateur players (p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.31), and a stronger isometric handgrip than subelite (both sides) and amateur (only nondominant side) players (p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.17-0.23). Moreover, subelite players had quicker modified agility t test performance than amateur players (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.21). For dynamic balance, elite players exhibited superior posteromedial and posterolateral performance (both sides) than amateur players (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.26-0.31), whereas subelite players had better anterior performance (both sides) than amateur players (p = 0.002-0.04; ηp2 = 0.17-0.20). Elite female volleyball players were characterized as possessing superior hitting velocities, lower-body strength/power, isometric strength, and dynamic balance than lower-level players. In contrast, subelite players differentiated from amateur players with faster change-of-direction speed, greater strength, and better dynamic balance. These novel data may help inform the development of targeted training, assessment, and player identification strategies according to playing level in practice among female volleyball teams.

Doyle, BP, Stanelle, ST, Riechman, SE, and Mann, JB. The NFL scouting combine explains within-position physical performance variance but is a poor predictor of draft outcomes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-This study evaluates the National Football League (NFL) Combine's physical performance tests ability to (a) explain performance variance between players of similar positions and (b) predict draft status. Players who completed all combine assessments (n = 3,681) were grouped by position group as quarterbacks, skill (SK), linemen (BIG), and mid-size. Variables included the 6 NFL Combine tests, height, body mass, maximal anaerobic power, and momentum for speed and change-of-direction (COD) tests. Principal component analysis with promax rotation and parallel analysis reduced data dimensionality for each position group. Binary logistic regression with Monte Carlo simulated cross-validation (n = 1,000) examined the impact of identified physical performance components on draft likelihood for each position group. Multivariate analysis of variance with post-hoc testing compared drafted vs. undrafted players' component scores. Four physical performance components explaining meaningful variance were identified: momentum (26.5-36.1% explained), power (22.1-29.5% explained), COD (15.5-19.7% explained), and strength (10.0-11.5% explained; BIG and SK only). Logistic regression indicated that few components significantly influenced draft probability (p < 0.05; SK only). Overall model predictive performance was poor (receiver operator characteristic area under the curve < 0.75). Differences between drafted and undrafted players were found in wide receivers (WR) (power, COD, strength), defensive backs (momentum, strength), and running backs (strength), with undrafted players having unexpectedly superior performance component scores than drafted players across several performance qualities (small-to-moderate effect, p < 0.05). These results suggest that physical performance alone does not account for most variance in draft status once underlying performance thresholds are met. National Football League Combine tests inconsistently predicted draft outcomes but may still guide roster decisions when contextualized as underlying physical performance attributes to highlight individual deficits to evaluate an athlete's fit for team-specific demands.

Curovic, I, Toskic, L, Markovic, M, Alexander, J, Suzovic, D, Grecic, D, and Harper, DJ. Upper-body isometric strength qualities are associated with faster high-intensity running performances in professional soccer players: A cross-sectional study. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-Despite being highlighted as potentially important, the relationship between greater upper-body (UB) strength and lower-body-dominant high-intensity actions (HIA) in professional soccer players remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between relative UB isometric strength qualities and HIA [i.e., sprinting, repeated sprint ability (RSA), change of direction (COD), vertical jumping] while controlling for leg power influence in 63 male professional players. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results identified that handgrip strength (HGS), particularly rate of force development (RFD), demonstrated significant large correlations with faster 30-m sprints (r ≈ -0.52, p < 0.001) and RSA (r ≈ -0.55, p < 0.001). Upper-body maximal strength capacity (push-pull composite score) exhibited significant moderate correlations with faster RSA (r = -0.36, p = 0.004) and COD 505 test (r = -0.30, p = 0.019). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that, after controlling for leg power, UB strength accounted for an additional 12.1% of the variance in RSA performance (ΔR2 = 0.121, p = 0.004), while HGS added a further 12.4% (ΔR2 = 0.124, p = 0.002), with the full model explaining 29.3% of total variance. In conclusion, greater relative UB strength appears to be linked to superior high-intensity running performances in professional soccer players, especially during RSA tasks. Future research should investigate the effects of UB strength training through longitudinal interventions and further explore the role of UB-derived RFD metrics for HIA while accounting for horizontal lower-body force-generating capacities.

Lafrance, G, Dupont, G, Ahmaidi, S, and Abaïdia, A. Impact of weekly workload distribution on performance in male soccer players across competitive levels-Scientific hypothesis or empirical evidence: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-This systematic review aimed to analyze weekly workload distribution patterns in male soccer and examine their potential effects on performance outcomes. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases until December 2025. The analysis followed a 2-step approach: first, characterizing weekly workload distribution patterns within the microcycle, and second, examining available evidence on the potential effects of these distribution patterns on physical performance outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Forty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, with a moderate methodological quality score (5.09 ± 0.84/9). The synthesis identified a consistent weekly periodization model characterized by 3 phases: postmatch recovery (MD+1/MD+2), peak load distribution (MD-4/MD-3), and prematch tapering (MD-2/MD-1). Although this framework was common across teams, substantial observational differences in its practical implementation were reported. Regarding performance outcomes, only 2 studies (4.6%) examined the direct impact of load distribution through specific performance tests, providing limited evidence to establish clear relationships between training load patterns and physical performance. In conclusion, despite a common weekly framework, substantial differences in practical implementation across studies exist, and there is a critical lack of evidence regarding the impact of different load distribution strategies on performance outcomes. Future research should prioritize examining the relationship between weekly load distribution and performance to establish evidence-based recommendations for practitioners.

Lorbeck, Z, Vannatta, CN, Dobbs, WC, Jaime, SJ, Heinert, BL, Baumann, D, and Kernozek, TW. Importance of maximal force for modulating landing forces. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-Augmented feedback training with and without a dual-task condition may be effective in improving drop landing performance, but some athletes demonstrate minimal improvement. Strength, power, and low-landing vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) have been identified as factors that mitigate anterior cruciate ligament injury risk, but differences between force production capacity and response to augmented feedback is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of force production and jump performance on the ability to integrate augmented feedback to reduce vGRF during drop landing training. Forty-five female, collegiate athletes completed augmented feedback training to reduce peak vGRF during a jump landing task along with isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance metrics. Pretest vGRF, IMTP peak force, CMJ mean propulsive force, mean braking force, propulsive impulse, braking impulse, and dynamic strength index were considered as potential variables in a multiple regression model to predict percent change in vGRF. Pretest vGRF, CMJ propulsive impulse, CMJ braking impulse, and IMTP peak force were retained in the final model (p < 0.001). Isometric midthigh pull peak force was the unique performance metric predicting change in vGRF following training (R2 = 12%). Greater peak IMTP force may indicate a greater capacity to alter vGRF during drop landings.

Neves, PS, Valcanover, MB, Maders, GL, Rigo, MEC, Alves, AES, Cintra, JM, Cabreira, G, Ferretto, D, Cattelan, MA, Leite-Nunes, TD, Laporta, LI, and Pedrosa, GF. Explaining snatch performance: Insights from countermovement jump performance and quadriceps muscle size. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-Previous studies have shown associations between countermovement jump height (CMJH), muscle morphology, and weightlifting performance; however, the combined and independent contributions of lower-limb muscle anatomical cross-sectional area (CSA) and CMJH to snatch 1 repetition maximum (SN1RM) remain unclear. This study examined the relationships between CMJH, vastus lateralis CSA (VLCSA), rectus femoris CSA (RFCSA), and SN1RM in weightlifters. Nineteen trained weightlifters (9 men and 10 women; age: 28.1 ± 3.6 years; body mass: 78.6 ± 13.5 kg; training experience: 3.9 ± 1.8 years) underwent ultrasound assessments of VLCSA and RFCSA, CMJH testing using the MyJump 2 app, and SN1RM testing. Associations were analyzed using Pearson correlations and hierarchical multiple linear regression. SN1RM was significantly correlated with CMJH and VLCSA (both: r = 0.753, p < 0.001), as well as with RFCSA (r = 0.513, p = 0.025). The hierarchical regression model showed that CMJH alone explained 56.7% of the variance in SN1RM (F = 22.298, p < 0.001). Adding VLCSA increased the explained variance to 69.2% (ΔR2 = 0.124, F = 17.936, p = 0.022), whereas RFCSA did not further improve model fit (ΔR2 = 0.012, F = 0.613, p = 0.449). These findings indicate that CMJH and VLCSA are complementary predictors of snatch performance, jointly explaining nearly 70% of the variance. Monitoring jump performance and vastus lateralis muscle size may therefore provide practical insights for training and performance optimization in Olympic weightlifters.

Vasconcelos, T, Ruivo, A, Refalo, MC, Chaves Lucas, G, Vasconcelos, PR, Brito, JP, Vilaça-Alves, J, and Oliveira, R. Comparative adaptations to different leg extension set-termination strategies in trained men and women: A unilateral within-participant study. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-The purpose of this study was to compare relative adaptations between two set-termination strategies (momentary muscular failure vs. repetitions in reserve) using a unilateral within-participant design under ecologically realistic resistance-training conditions. Nineteen trained subjects (11 men, eight women; mean age: 22.3 ± 3.9 years; body mass: 69.9 ± 10.3 kg) completed an 8-week unilateral intervention. Each subject performed leg extensions, with one limb randomly assigned to the FAIL protocol and the contralateral limb to the repetitions-in-reserve (RIR) protocol. Muscle thickness (ultrasound) of the knee extensors and 1-repetition maximum strength were assessed pre- and postintervention and analyzed using Bayesian linear mixed-effect models. Estimated between-protocol differences for hypertrophy were negligible (knee extensors: -0.019 cm [-0.094 to 0.054]), as were differences for 1-repetition maximum strength (knee extensors: 0.198 kg [-1.87 to 2.6]). Secondary analyses using standardized mean differences also suggested no clear overall advantage for either protocol. These findings suggest that resistance training performed with a 1- to 3-RIR may produce adaptations comparable with training to momentary muscular failure in knee extensors under applied training conditions. Strength and conditioning professionals may therefore consider RIR-based strategies as a practical approach to manage fatigue while maintaining training effectiveness.

Cobanoglu, G, Demirkan, MY, Ecemis, ZB, Karatas, N, and Guzel, NA. Trapezius muscle activity during bilateral scapular retraction with shoulder external rotation: Incorporation of kinetic chain and surface. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-Incorporating trunk/lower limb movements and unstable surface exercises into shoulder rehabilitation may enhance kinetic chain engagement. The aim was to investigate the effect of incorporating the kinetic chain and unstable surface into Bilateral Scapular Retraction with Shoulder External Rotation (BSR-SER) exercise on trapezius muscle activation. Twenty asymptomatic subjects (10 female, 10 male, age = 24.5 ± 4.48 years, body mass index = 22.45 ± 3.06 kg·m-2) were included in the study. The BSR-SER was performed in standing, squat, and lunge positions on stable and unstable surfaces. Electromyographic activity of the upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), and lower trapezius (LT) muscles was measured. The UT muscle activation in the squat position was lower on an unstable surface than on a stable surface (p = 0.015). The MT muscle activation was higher in the squat position than in the lunge position (p = 0.014). The LT muscle activation was significantly greater in the squat position than in both the standing (p = 0.007) and lunge positions (p = 0.016). Moreover, LT muscle activation was higher on the stable surface than on the unstable surface (p = 0.040). Upper trapezius/MT ratio in the squat position was lower than in the standing (p = 0.016) and lunge positions (p = 0.012). The UT/LT ratio in squat position on unstable surface was lower than both standing (p = 0.007) and lunge positions on an unstable surface (p = 0.005). The squat position during BSR-SER exercise promotes higher activation of the MT and LT muscles compared with standing or lunge positions. Performing the squat position on an unstable surface may be the most suitable option for promoting trapezius muscle balance by reducing UT muscle activation and activation ratios. These findings suggest that integrating squat-based kinetic chain exercises into shoulder strengthening programs may be beneficial for optimizing trapezius muscle activation.

Duan, X, Gao, Q, Yang, R, Ji, L, Ma, Y, and Zhang, M. Enhancing fitness and body composition: The impact of high-intensity interval training combined with specific sports in collegiate students with normal weight obesity. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-Normal weight obesity (NWO) is a widespread condition that poses a significant risk to public health. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been widely applied to address NWO, but it has certain limitations. Combining HIIT with specific sports offers a promising and more personalized intervention approach. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of HIIT combined with specific sports and HIIT alone in collegiate students with NWO. In total, 81 collegiate students with NWO participated in a 12-week intervention and were assigned to 3 groups: HIIT combined with basketball training (HIIT + BT), HIIT combined with sports dance training (HIIT + SDT), and HIIT alone. Body composition, cardiovascular fitness, and physical fitness indicators were assessed at baseline, midintervention, and postintervention. A 2-way mixed-design analysis of variance was used to examine time × group interaction effects. A significant time × group interaction was observed for body fat percentage (F = 5.650, p = 0.001, η2p = 0.127), with the HIIT + SDT group showing greater reductions than the HIIT group (p = 0.002). A significant interaction effect was found for countermovement jump (F = 6.276; p < 0.001; η2p = 0.139), T-test (F = 5.334; p < 0.001; η2p = 0.120), and hexagon test (F = 5.372; p = 0.002; η2p = 0.121). Post hoc analyses revealed that T-test performance significantly improved in both the HIIT + BT group (p < 0.001) and the HIIT + SDT group (p < 0.001), whereas no significant change was observed in the HIIT group. Results indicated that combining HIIT with specific sports may provide greater benefits for body composition and physical fitness than HIIT alone in collegiate students with NWO.

Geneau, MC, Carey, DL, Gastin, PB, Robertson, S, and James, LP. A comparison of strength dimensionality across senior and pathway field sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensionality and classification of lower-body strength metrics among senior and pathway male and female field sport athletes. One hundred and eighty trained Australian rules football, soccer, and field hockey athletes completed a series of drop jumps, squat jumps, countermovement jumps, countermovement jumps with 60% body mass, isometric squats, and isometric midthigh pulls. Principal component analysis (PCA) and sparse-PCA were used to reduce and classify the 215 force-time metrics from these tests into unique domains of strength. The dimensionality and classification results were then compared between athlete subgroups: senior male and senior female, and senior male and pathway male. To account for 70% of the variance in the data set, 8 principal components were required in the senior male data, 12 in the senior female data, and 9 in the pathway male data, indicating differences between variable relationships across populations. The orientation of the top 4 principal component vectors was consistent across athlete groups. Finally, metric selection identified 4 common strength domains in senior male and female athletes, with 2 also present in the pathway group. These findings highlight the importance of considering athlete developmental level when selecting strength tests and further supports the discovery of strength domains in senior field sport athletes. This study contributes to targeted and effective lower-body strength assessment for field sport athletes.

Beam, JR, Mang, ZA, Gibson, AL, Tinsley, GM, Mota, JA, Martinez, A, and Martinez, AH. Early fat loss and plateau in firefighter recruits: Longitudinal tracking of body composition using skinfold analysis and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-The purpose of this study was to examine how multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) and skinfold analysis (SKF) track body composition changes during a firefighter training academy. Thirty-nine male recruits (age: 27 ± 6 years; height: 176.8 ± 6.7 cm; body mass: 83.2 ± 14.5 kg; body fat percentage [BF%]: 16.9 ± 6.0%) completed structured exercise training. Body composition was assessed at 5 time points (T1-T5) using MF-BIA and SKF. Fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and BF% were compared between methods. Cross-sectional differences and longitudinal changes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. No significant method × time interactions were observed for BF%, FM, or FFM, indicating that both techniques similarly tracked longitudinal changes throughout the academy. Significant main effects of time were observed for BF% and FM (p < 0.05). Planned contrasts revealed significant reductions in BF% and FM between T1-T3, T1-T4, and T1-T5 (p < 0.05) but not between adjacent time points, indicating that body composition changes occurred primarily during the early phase of training with a plateau between 12 and 18 weeks. Linear regression analyses demonstrated strong associations between MF-BIA and SKF. Bland-Altman analyses revealed outcome-specific agreement patterns. These findings support the use of either MF-BIA or SKF for consistent within-method monitoring of group-level body composition changes over time. However, despite high associations, limited individual agreement indicates the methods should not be used interchangeably. Fire departments may select the method that best aligns with resource availability, staffing expertise, and program scale without compromising longitudinal group-level monitoring.

Hammami, R, Noomen, N, Negra, Y, Selmi, W, and Granacher, U. Effects of upper-body stable plyometric versus unstable strength training on upper-body strength, proxies of power, and dynamic stability in trained prepubertal baseball players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-In sports such as baseball, which involve high-intensity actions like throwing, hitting, and fielding, targeted upper-body strength training (ST) is essential for developing strength, power, and dynamic stability required for optimal performance in training and competition. Moreover, the physical fitness foundations necessary for later sport-specific performance should be established during childhood and adolescence. This study compared the effects of upper-body plyometric training on stable (SPT) vs. upper-body ST on unstable surfaces (UST) on strength, power proxies, and dynamic balance in prepubertal baseball players. Twenty-eight male players aged 11 ± 1 year (tier 2, trained/developmental) completed a 6-week program (2 × 30 min·wk-1) integrated into regular baseball practice. Push-up exercises were performed with body-mass loading in both groups. The SPT group conducted the exercises explosively on stable surfaces, incorporating brief flight phases and minimal ground contact to engage the stretch-shortening cycle, whereas the UST group executed the same exercises on unstable devices at a controlled pace, without a flight phase, emphasizing trunk stability. Pre- and post-training, assessments included upper-quarter dynamic balance (CS-UYBT), maximal back extensor strength, one repetition maximum bench press, and seated front, back, and side medicine ball throws. Both groups showed significant changes over time (p < 0.01) in dynamic balance (d = 2.54), back extensor strength (d = 2.54), bench press strength (d = 1.73), and medicine ball throw performance (d = 1.23-2.82). No significant group-by-time interactions were observed for all outcome measures (d = 0.00-0.44, p > 0.05). Six weeks of SPT and UST are easy-to-implement upper-body training modalities for physical fitness development of young athletes. However, given the short intervention (i.e., 6 weeks) and subjects' prior training experience, the results reflect short-term training responses rather than evidence of equal efficacy or superiority between training methods.

Cabarkapa, D, Yang, Y, Montalvo, S, Rios-Gallardo, PT, Camacho, AA, and Munce, TA. Relationships between isometric shoulder strength and three-point shooting accuracy in male basketball players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between absolute and relative isometric shoulder strength and three-point shooting accuracy in male basketball players, and to examine bilateral differences in shoulder strength. Thirty recreationally active college-age male basketball players completed isometric (ISO) shoulder strength testing on a uniaxial force plate at 3 shoulder abduction positions, ISO-I (180°), ISO-Y (135°), and ISO-T (90°), on both the dominant (i.e., shooting hand) and nondominant sides (i.e., guide hand). Following the strength testing procedures, subjects completed a standardized 110-attempt three-point shooting protocol (6.75 m) using a star-pattern sequence, from which shooting accuracy was calculated. Paired t-tests were used to compare dominant vs. nondominant shoulder strength, and linear regression analyses examined associations between shoulder strength metrics and shooting accuracy (p < 0.05). The findings revealed 3 key outcomes: (a) no statistically significant bilateral asymmetries were observed across any testing position, with mean asymmetry values of approximately 3% favoring the dominant hand; (b) dominant-arm shoulder strength was not associated with three-point shooting accuracy (r = 0.110-0.209); and (c) a moderate positive association was identified between nondominant shoulder strength in the ISO-I position and three-point shooting accuracy when expressed as both absolute (r = 0.363) and relative values (r = 0.382). Overall, without minimizing the importance of dominant-arm strength development, strength and conditioning coaches should consider monitoring and developing nondominant shoulder strength, particularly in overhead positions that approximate the shooting release (ISO-I), as this may support three-point shooting consistency by enhancing guide-hand stability rather than force production.