The Nordic Prudent Diet Reduces Risk of Cognitive Decline in the Swedish Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Abstract
Appropriate dietary pattern for preserving cognitive function in northern Europe remains unknown. We aimed to identify a Nordic dietary pattern index associated with slower cognitive decline compared to the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and Baltic Sea Diet indices. A total of 2223 dementia-free adults aged ≥60 were followed for 6 years. Mini-Mental State Examination was administrated at baseline and follow-ups. Dietary intake was assessed by 98-item food frequency questionnaire, and the Nordic Prudent Dietary Pattern (NPDP) was identified. Data were analysed using mixed-effects and parametric survival models and receiver operating characteristic curves with adjustment for potential confounders. Moderate (β = 0.139, 95% CI 0.077-0.201) and high adherence (β = 0.238, 95% CI 0.175-0.300) to NPDP were associated with less cognitive decline compared to other four indices. High adherence to NPDP was also associated with the lowest risk of MMSE decline to ≤24 (HR = 0.176, 95% CI 0.080-0.386) and had the greatest ability to predict such decline (area under the curve = 0.70). Moderate-to-high adherence to the NPDP may predict a better-preserved cognitive function among older adults in Nordic countries. Regional dietary habits should be considered in developing dietary guidelines for the prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia.
Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden. behnaz.shakersain@ki.se.Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden. Debora.Rizzuto@ki.se.Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. behnaz.shakersain@ki.se.Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden. Debora.Rizzuto@ki.se.Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden. laura.fratiglioni@ki.se. Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden. laura.fratiglioni@ki.se.Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 113 30 Stockholm, Sweden. weili.xu@ki.se. Department Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road 22, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China. weili.xu@ki.se. MeSH
Age FactorsAgedAged, 80 and overCognitionCognition DisordersCognitive AgingDiet, HealthyDiet, MediterraneanDietary Approaches To Stop HypertensionFeeding BehaviorFemaleHealthy AgingHumansMaleMental Status and Dementia TestsMiddle AgedProtective FactorsRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesSwedenTime Factors
Pub Type(s)
Comparative Study
Journal Article