Duration of post-vaccination humoral immunity against yellow fever in children.
Vaccine. 2019 11 15; 37(48):7147-7154.V

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Vaccination is the most important measure for prevention and control of yellow fever. It is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for residents of endemic areas and travelers to risk areas. In 2013, the WHO discontinued the recommendation of booster doses every 10 years, indicating a single dose as sufficient for lifelong protection.

OBJECTIVE

Considering the lower immune response to YF vaccine in children compared to adults, this study was set out to assess the duration of immunity to YF in children vaccinated in the first two years of life.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study involved children aged 9 months to 12 years with accessible vaccination records recruited in primary care units from a metropolitan area in Southeast Brazil. The serologic status (negative, indeterminate and positive), and geometric mean titers (GMT, inverse dilution) of neutralizing antibodies against YF obtained by Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test was assessed across categories of time after YF vaccination. The strength of association of seropositivity with time was assessed by the odds ratio (OR) taking recent vaccination (1-6 months) as reference.

RESULTS

A total of 824 children recruited from August 2010 to July 2011were tested. The proportion of seropositivity (95% C.I.) and GMT (95% C.I.) dropped markedly across time periods: from 86.7% (80.5-91.4%), GMT 47.9 (38.3-59.9) in newly vaccinated to 59.0% (49.7-67.8%), GMT 14.8 (11.6-19.1) and 42.2% (33.8-51.0), GMT 8.6 (7.1-12.1), respectively in the subgroups vaccinated 31-72 months and 73-100 months before.

CONCLUSIONS

Analogous to previous findings in adults, these data support the need for revaccination of children living in areas with yellow fever virus circulation in humans or in other primates. The data also supported the change of a booster dose to 4 years of age for those primarily vaccinated for yellow fever in the first two years of life.

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Authors+Show Affiliations

de Noronha TG
Institute of Technology for Immunobiologicals of Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Brazil. Electronic address: tnoronha@bio.fiocruz.br.
de Lourdes de Sousa Maia M
Institute of Technology for Immunobiologicals of Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Brazil.
Geraldo Leite Ribeiro J
State Department of Health of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Campos Lemos JA
State Department of Health of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Maria Barbosa de Lima S
Institute of Technology for Immunobiologicals of Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Brazil.
Martins-Filho OA
René Rachou Research Center/FIOCRUZ, Brazil.
Campi-Azevedo AC
René Rachou Research Center/FIOCRUZ, Brazil.
da Silva Freire M
Institute of Technology for Immunobiologicals of Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Brazil.
de Menezes Martins R
Institute of Technology for Immunobiologicals of Bio-Manguinhos/FIOCRUZ, Brazil.
Bastos Camacho LA
Brazilian National School of Public Health/FIOCRUZ, Brazil.
Collaborative Group for Studies of Yellow Fever Vaccine
No affiliation info available

MeSH

Antibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralChildFemaleHumansImmunity, HumoralImmunogenicity, VaccineMaleTime FactorsVaccinationVaccine PotencyYellow FeverYellow Fever Vaccine

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Language

eng

PubMed ID

31590934