Sweat contains a variety of lipid mediators, but whether they originate from the plasma filtrate or from the cutaneous sweat glandular tissues themselves is unknown. To explore this knowledge gap, we collected plasma and sweat from healthy men (n = 9) immediately before and 0.5, 2 and 4 h after oral administration of 400 mg ibuprofen. Of the over 100 lipid mediators assayed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, ~45 were detected in both plasma and sweat, and 36 were common to both matrices. However, baseline concentrations in each matrix were not correlated and metabolite relative abundances between matrices differed. Oral ibuprofen administration altered sweat lipid mediators, reducing prostaglandin E2, linoleoylethanolamide, and oleoylethanolamide, while increasing 11-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and causing transient changes in 9-nitrooleate, N-arachidonylglycine and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Meanwhile, plasma N-acylethanolamide concentrations increased with ibuprofen administration. These results suggest that sweat and plasma differentially reflect biochemical changes due to oral ibuprofen administration, and that plasma is unlikely to be the predominant source of the sweat lipid mediator profile.

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an eco-friendly and cost-effective technology to remove organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) from wastewater. The support matrix is an important component in CWs as it has a primary role in the growth and development of plants and microbes. However, the roles of the support matrix in CWs in removing OMPs have not been systematically studied. Therefore, in this study, six common materials (sand, zeolite, blast iron slag, petcoke, polonite and crushed autoclaved aerated concrete (CAAC)) as support matrixes were firstly investigated by batch tests to explore their adsorption capacities to selected OMPs (ibuprofen, iohexol, tebuconazole and imazalil). Results showed that the adsorption capacities of the materials were low (at the level of μg/g) compared to well-known sorbents (at the level of mg/g), such as activated carbon and carbon nanotubes. Columns packed with the six materials, respectively, were then built up to study the effects of different materials on microbial community. In the medium-term study (66 days), the removal of four OMPs in all the columns increased by 2-58% from day 25 to day 66, and was mainly attributed to microbial degradation. Furthermore, Community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) analysis indicates that material presence shaped the microbial community metabolic function not only in the interstitial water but also in the biofilm. Overall, all the findings demonstrate that although the adsorption capacities of the common materials are low, they may be a driver to improve the removal of OMPs by altering microbial community function in CWs.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a variety of potential indications that include management of pain and inflammation as well as chemoprevention and/or treatment of cancer. Furthermore, a specific form of ibuprofen, dexibuprofen or the S-(+) form, shows interesting neurological activities and has been proposed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In a continuation of our work probing the anticancer activity of small sulindac libraries, we have prepared and screened a small diversity library of α-methyl substituted sulindac amides in the profen class. Several compounds of this series displayed promising activity compared with a lead sulindac analog.

Ibuprofen (IBU-H), a widely used anti-inflammatory, also shows a marked antimicrobial effect against several bacterial species, including those involved in cystic fibrosis such as Pseudomona aeruginosa, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Burkholderia cepacia complex. Additionally, our results show significant synergy between water soluble Na-ibuprofen (IBU-Na) and ionic strength. Salt concentrations above 0.5 M modify the zeta potential promoting the action of Na-IBU; thus, with 1 M sodium chloride, IBU-Na is ten times more efficient than in the absence of ionic strength, and the minimum effective contact time is reduced from hours to minutes. In short time periods, where neither IBU-Na nor controls with 1 M NaCl show activity, the combination of both leads to a reduction in the bacterial load. We also analyzed whether the changes caused by salt on the bacterial membrane also promoted the activity of other microbicide compounds used in cystic fibrosis like gentamicin, tobramycin and phosphomycin. The results show that the presence of ionic strength only enhanced the bactericidal activity of the amphipathic molecule of IBU-Na. In this respect, the effect of saline concentration was also reflected in the surface properties of IBU-Na, where, in addition to the clear differences observed between 145 mM and 1 M, singular behaviors were also found, different in each condition. The combination of anti-inflammatory activity and this improved bactericidal effect of Na-IBU in hypertonic solution provides a new alternative for the treatment of respiratory infections of fibrotic patients based on known and widely used compounds.

This review encompasses different pre-clinical bioengineering approaches for periodontal tissues, maxillary jaw bone, and the entire tooth. Moreover, it sheds light on their potential clinical therapeutic applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Herein, the electrospinning method for the synthesis of polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes, that are capable of mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), has been described. Furthermore, their functionalization with cyclosporine A (CsA), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), or anti-inflammatory drugs' nanoreservoirs has been demonstrated to induce a localized and targeted action of these molecules after implantation in the maxillary jaw bone. Firstly, periodontal wound healing has been studied in an induced periodontal lesion in mice using an ibuprofen-functionalized PCL membrane. Thereafter, the kinetics of maxillary bone regeneration in a pre-clinical mouse model of surgical bone lesion treated with BMP-2 or BMP-2/Ibuprofen functionalized PCL membranes have been analyzed by histology, immunology, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Furthermore, the achievement of innervation in bioengineered teeth has also been demonstrated after the co-implantation of cultured dental cell reassociations with a trigeminal ganglia (TG) and the cyclosporine A (CsA)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold in the jaw bone. The prospective clinical applications of these different tissue engineering approaches could be instrumental in the treatment of various periodontal diseases, congenital dental or cranio-facial bone anomalies, and post-surgical complications.

Steroidal hormones progesterone and testosterone play a vital role in breast and prostate cancers. In this research, we have synthesized and characterized a total of thirty-one (31) new nitrogenous derivatives of progesterone and testosterone. The synthesized derivatives (1-31) were screened for their anti-cancer potential against MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines of breast using MTT assay. The compounds 1-31exhibited significant inhibitory potentials against MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines. In MCF-7 assay, compound 17 displayed IC50 value of 04 ±0.02 μM while compound 18 was leading in PC-3 assay with IC50 of 03.14 ±0.4μM. Tamoxifen was used as positive control which exhibited an IC50of 0.12 ±0.03 and 0.26 ±0.01μM against MCF-7 and PC-3 respectively. The compounds also showed good anti-inflammatory activity according to oxidative burst inhibition by chemiluminescence technique where ibuprofen was used as positive control with 73.2 ±1.4% ROS inhibition. The compounds showed the percent ROS inhibition between 23.2 ±0.2 to -3.2 ±4.1. The results of the compounds were compared with the positive control ibuprofen. Molecular docking correlations suggest that the compounds exerted their inhibitory activity by binding to the active of the enzyme.

ZnO-clay nanoarchitectures have been prepared by In Situ generation of ZnO nanoparticles from zinc acetylacetonate in isopropanol under reflux in the presence of organoclays. Two layered clays, a commercial Wyoming montmorillonite and a smectite from Gafsa (Tunisia), and a fibrous clay, sepiolite from Vallecas-Vicalvaro (Spain), modified with cetyltrimethylammonium ions were the organoclay substrates for assembling the formed nanoparticles. After a convenient thermal treatment, the organic matter is eliminated and the ZnO/clay nanoarchitectures consolidated. XRD, FE-SEM and TEM, among other characterization techniques confirmed the presence of the ZnO in wurtzite phase assembled to the clays in the final porous ZnO/clay nanoarchitectures. The activity as photocatalysts of the resulting materials was evaluated using ibuprofen as a model drug in view to explore the usefulness of these ZnO/clay nanoarchitectures in the removal of emergent pollutants in water.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) belong to the most widely used drugs. Results of recent large meta-analyses have shown that the cardiovascular risk of NSAIDs is more serious than originally believed and is not associated exclusively with coxibs; it is also increased when using so called traditional NSAIDs. Data obtained to date show the safest drugs of this class in terms of cardiovascular risk are naproxen and ibuprofen at low doses. The position of naproxen as the safest NSAID has been challenged by some more recent findings. The authors examine some results of meta-analyses and conclusions of regulatory agencies.Key words: cardiovascular risk - coxibs - diclofenac - ibuprofen - naproxen - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.