- Urine sodium excretion is related to extracellular water volume but not to blood pressure in 510 normotensive and never-treated hypertensive subjects. [Journal Article]Blood Press. 2023 Dec; 32(1):2170869.BP
- CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of mineralocorticoid excess, Na+ intake, as evaluated from 24-h Na+ excretion, predominantly influences extracellular water volume without a clear effect on blood pressure.
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- Exogenous H2S Attenuates Hypertension by Regulating Renin Exocytosis under Hyperglycaemic and Hyperlipidaemic Conditions. [Journal Article]
- Obesity, along with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a major contributor to hypertension. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is involved in the occurrence of diabetes and hypertension. However, the mechanism by which obesity is related to T2DM induced hypertension is unclear. In this study, we observed that blood pressure and serum renin content were increased in patients with diabetes a…
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- Diabetes mellitus is associated with more adverse non-hemodynamic left ventricular remodeling and less recovery in patients with primary aldosteronism. [Journal Article]J Investig Med. 2023 Feb; 71(2):101-112.JI
- The elevated aldosterone in primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with increased insulin resistance and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). Both aldosterone excess and DM lead to left ventricular (LV) pathological remodeling. In this study, we investigated the impact of DM on LV non-hemodynamic remodeling in patients with PA. We enrolled 665 PA patients, of whom 112 had DM and 553 did not. C…
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- Infections and immunity: associations with obesity and related metabolic disorders. [Review]
- About one-fourth of the global population is either overweight or obese, both of which increase the risk of insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. In obesity, both immune cells and adipocytes produce an excess of pro-inflammatory cytokines that may play a significant role in disease progression. In the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, important pathologic…
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- New advances in endocrine hypertension: from genes to biomarkers. [Review]Kidney Int. 2023 Jan 13 [Online ahead of print]KI
- Hypertension (HT) is a major cardiovascular risk factor that affects 10% to 40% of the general population in an age-dependent manner. Detection of secondary forms of HT is particularly important because it allows the targeted management of the underlying disease. Among hypertensive patients, the prevalence of endocrine HT reaches up to 10%. Adrenal diseases are the most frequent cause of endocrin…
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- Pathophysiologic approach in genetic hypokalemia. [Review]Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2023 Jan 10 [Online ahead of print]AE
- The pathophysiology of genetic hypokalemia is close to that of non-genetic hypokalemia. New molecular pathways physiologically involved in renal and extrarenal potassium homeostasis have been highlighted. A physiological approach to diagnosis is illustrated here, with 6 cases. Mechanisms generating and sustaining of hypokalemia are discussed. After excluding acute shift of extracellular potassium…
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- An electrolyte flip flop - a patient with chronic hyperkalemic acidosis presenting with severe hypokalemic alkalosis. [Case Reports]
- A 76-year-old man was evaluated in our emergency department (ED) for right toe swelling and pain. His initial ED workup revealed volume overload, uncontrolled hypertension, slow atrial fibrillation, refractory hypokalemia, mixed metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis, with a normal plasma pH, and hypernatremia. His medical chart revealed long standing hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, re…
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- Liddle syndrome. [Journal Article]Vnitr Lek. 2022 Winter; 68(E-8):8-11.VL
- Liddle syndrome is an inherited form of arterial hypertension with autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. It is caused by activating mutation of genes coding of the epithelial sodium channel in distal nephron. Mutation leads to excessive reabsorbtion of sodium ions and volume expansion resulting in arterial hypertension. Antoher typical laboratory findings are hypokalaemia, low levels of seru…
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- Clinical, pathophysiologic, genetic and therapeutic progress in Primary Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia. [Journal Article]Endocr Rev. 2022 Dec 22 [Online ahead of print]ER
- Patients with primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) usually present bilateral benign adrenocortical macronodules at imaging and variable levels of cortisol excess. PBMAH is a rare cause of primary overt Cushing's syndrome, but may represent up to one third of bilateral adrenal incidentalomas with evidence of cortisol excess. The increased steroidogenesis in PBMAH is often reg…
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- Exosome‑encapsulated miR‑26a attenuates aldosterone‑induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis by inhibiting the CTGF/SMAD3 signaling pathway. [Journal Article]
- Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a hallmark in the continuous progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in which excessive activation of the renin‑angiotensin‑-aldosterone system serves a crucial role. Currently, there are no targeted therapies for the progression of TIF. microRNA (miR)‑26a may be an ideal anti‑fibrosis candidate molecule; however, the effect of miR‑26 on aldosterone…
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- Vascular and hormonal interactions in the adrenal gland. [Review]
- Primary aldosteronism is the most common form of secondary arterial hypertension, due to excessive aldosterone production from the adrenal gland. Although somatic mutations have been identified in aldosterone producing adenoma, the exact mechanisms leading to increased cell proliferation and nodule formation remain to be established. One hypothesis is that changes in vascular supply to the adrena…
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- [Effect and mechanism of Huangqi Shengmai Decoction in treatment of joint rat model of fatigue and myocardial injury]. [Journal Article]Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2022 Oct; 47(19):5292-5298.ZZ
- This study aims to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanism of Huangqi Shengmai Decoction(HQSMD) in the treatment of fatigue and myocardial injury in a joint rat model. Wistar rats were assigned into 4 groups: sham, model, diltiazem hydrochloride(positive control), and HQSMD. The joint model of fatigue and myocardial injury was established by 14-day exhausted swimming followed by high…
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- Aldosterone as a Possible Contributor to Eye Diseases. [Journal Article]Endocrinology. 2022 12 19; 164(2)E
- Aldosterone, an effector molecule of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), has been receiving more attention in the field of ophthalmology because of its possible role in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases or abnormalities; it may even become a target for their treatment. Primary aldosteronism, a typical model of a systemic aldosterone excess, may cause vision loss due to various…
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- Spontaneous Remission of Primary Aldosteronism with Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Therapy: A Review. [Review]
- In this review, we describe previous basic and clinical studies on autonomous aldosterone production. Over the past decades, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have been found to concentration-dependently inhibit steroidogenesis in different degrees. However, many studies have proven the suppressive effects of MRAs on the activities of hormone synthase. The probable factors of cytochro…
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- The Entity of Connshing Syndrome: Primary Aldosteronism with Autonomous Cortisol Secretion. [Review]
- Connshing syndrome (CoSh) (adrenal-related synchronous aldosterone (A) and cortisol (C) excess) represents a distinct entity among PA (primary hyperaldosteronisms) named by W. Arlt et al. in 2017, but the condition has been studied for more than 4 decades. Within the last few years, this is one of the most dynamic topics in hormonally active adrenal lesions due to massive advances in steroids met…
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- Diabetes and Excess Aldosterone Promote Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. [Journal Article]
- Background The pathobiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is still poorly understood, and effective therapies remain limited. Diabetes and mineralocorticoid excess are common and important pathophysiological factors that may synergistically promote HFpEF. The authors aimed to develop a novel animal model of HFpEF that recapitulates key aspects of the complex human phen…
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- StatPearls: Hemodialysis [BOOK]StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island (FL)BOOK
- The term dialysis is derived from the Greek words dia, meaning "through", and lysis meaning "loosening or splitting". It is a form of renal replacement therapy, where the kidney's role of filtration of the blood is supplemented by artificial equipment, which removes excess water, solutes, and toxins. Dialysis ensures maintenance of homeostasis (a stable internal environment) in people experiencin…
- Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as an immunomodulator in endocrine hypertension. [Review]
- In recent studies, primary aldosteronism (PA) has been reported as the most common etiology for secondary hypertension of endocrine origin, accounting for approximately 10% of cases. In PA, excess aldosterone production can lead to deleterious effects at the cardiovascular (CV) and renal levels by activating mineralocorticoid receptors, which involves an increase in pro-inflammatory and pro-fibro…
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- Bone and mineral metabolism in patients with primary aldosteronism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. [Meta-Analysis]
- CONCLUSIONS: Excess aldosterone was associated with decreased serum calcium, elevated urinary calcium, and elevated PTH levels; these effects may be enhanced by low serum 25-OHD levels. The risks of OP and fracture might be elevated in PA patients, especially unilateral PA patients, but could be reduced after medical treatment or adrenal surgery. In view, however, of the lack of BMD changes, such hypothesis needs to be tested in further studies.
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- Diagnosis, treatment and genetic analysis of a case of familial aldosteronism type II with WFS1 gene mutation. [Case Reports]Yi Chuan. 2022 Nov 20; 44(11):1072-1078.YC
- Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a disease characterized by hypertension and hypokalemia due to the excessive aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex, which leads to the retention of both water and sodium, and the inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system as well. Familial hyperaldosteronism type II (FH-II) is known as an autosomal dominant hereditary disease, which is a scarce cause of PA. I…
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- Long-term effects of primary aldosteronism treatment on patients with primary aldosteronism and chronic kidney disease. [Journal Article]Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022 Nov 11 [Online ahead of print]CE
- CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that treatment of PA in stage 3 CKD is safe and useful in preventing renal injury.
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- A Review of Current Evidence on the Relationship between Phosphate Metabolism and Metabolic Syndrome. [Review]
- Phosphorus, present as phosphate in biological systems, is an essential mineral for various biological activities and biochemical processes. Numerous studies have indicated that disturbed phosphate balance may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no consistent result was found on the association between phosphorus intake and serum phosphate concentration with MetS.…
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- Primary Aldosteronism Masked by Accessory Renal Arteries: A Case Report. [Case Reports]
- Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent form of secondary endocrine hypertension, which is characterized by excessive aldosterone secretion and suppressed renin. The currently recommended diagnostic algorithm is very clear, and the plasma aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) is considered the first-line screening test. However, this indicator is influenced by many factors, some of which may c…
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- YM750, an ACAT Inhibitor, Acts on Adrenocortical Cells to Inhibit Aldosterone Secretion Due to Depolarization. [Journal Article]
- Primary aldosteronism (PA) is considered the most common form of secondary hypertension, which is associated with excessive aldosterone secretion in the adrenal cortex. The cause of excessive aldosterone secretion is the induction of aldosterone synthase gene (CYP11B2) expression by depolarization of adrenocortical cells. In this study, we found that YM750, an Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltra…
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- Apparent mineralocorticoid excess: comprehensive overview of molecular genetics. [Review]
- Apparent mineralocorticoid excess is an autosomal recessive form of monogenic disease characterized by juvenile resistant low-renin hypertension, marked hypokalemic alkalosis, low aldosterone levels, and high ratios of cortisol to cortisone metabolites. It is caused by defects in the HSD11B2 gene, encoding the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), which is primarily involved …
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- A narrative review of Hyporeninemic hypertension-an indicator for monogenic forms of hypertension. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: In this review article, we outline the different forms of hypertension characterized by low renin/low aldosterone and low renin/high aldosterone levels, how to diagnose these forms of hypertension, and how to treat them.
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- Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibition Decreases Angiotensin II-Induced Steroidogenesis in HAC15 Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells. [Journal Article]Endocrinology. 2022 11 14; 164(1)E
- CONCLUSIONS: mTOR signaling has a critical role in transducing the AngII signal initiating aldosterone and cortisol synthesis in HAC15 cells and that inhibition of mTOR could be a therapeutic option for conditions associated with excessive renin-angiotensin system-mediated steroid synthesis.
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- Mutagenesis of the cleavage site of (pro)renin receptor abrogates aldosterone-salt-induced hypertension and renal injury in mice. [Journal Article]
- Soluble (pro)renin receptor (sPRR), the extracellular domain of (pro)renin receptor (PRR), is primarily generated by site-1 protease and furin. It has been reported that sPRR functions as an important regulator of intrarenal renin contributing to angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension. Relatively, less is known for the function of sPRR in ANG II-independent hypertension such as mineralocort…
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- Thromboembolic Disease and Cardiac Thrombotic Complication in COVID-19: A Systematic Review. [Review]
- The coronavirus 2019 pandemic has affected many healthcare systems worldwide. While acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been well-documented in COVID-19, there are several cardiovascular complications, such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism, leading to disability and death. The link between COVID-19 and increasing thrombogenicity potentially occurs due …
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- Long-Term Excessive Dietary Phosphate Intake Increases Arterial Blood Pressure, Activates the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, and Stimulates Sympathetic Tone in Mice. [Journal Article]
- Increased dietary phosphate intake has been associated with severity of coronary artery disease, increased carotid intima-media thickness, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in individuals with normal renal function as well as in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. To further el…
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