- Occurrence of involuntary movements after prolonged misuse of zolpidem: a case report. [Case Reports]Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2023 Mar 01; 38(2):117-120.IC
- Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine agent used for short-term treatment of insomnia. Several cases of dependence and withdrawal from zolpidem are reported in the literature. Furthermore, involuntary movements after prolonged zolpidem misuse have been described. In this case report, a 69-year-old Italian woman with no history of diagnosed psychiatric or neurologic diseases developed uncontrolled move…
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- Orexin dual receptor antagonists, zolpidem, zopiclone, eszopiclone, and cognitive research: A comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis. [Review]Front Hum Neurosci. 2022; 16:1029554.FH
- CONCLUSIONS: We recommend DORA as the best intervention for insomnia because it is highly effective in inducing and maintaining sleep without impairing cognition. Although zolpidem has a more pronounced effect on maintaining sleep, it is best to reduce its use because of its side effects. Eszopiclone and zopiclone improved sleep quality, but their safety in cognition remains to be verified.
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- Arousal Regulation by the External Globus Pallidus: A New Node for the Mesocircuit Hypothesis. [Journal Article]
- In the decade since its debut, the Mesocircuit Hypothesis (MH) has provided researchers a scaffolding for interpreting their findings by associating subcortical-cortical dysfunction with the loss and recovery of consciousness following severe brain injury. Here, we leverage new findings from human and rodent lesions, as well as chemo/optogenetic, tractography, and stimulation studies to propose t…
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- Zolpidem, but lemborexant more consistently, showed subjective and objective benefits compared to placebo in insomnia patients with sleep duration of less than 6 hours per night. [Journal Article]J Clin Sleep Med. 2023 Jan 13 [Online ahead of print]JC
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- Expanded table: Some oral drugs for chronic insomnia. [Journal Article]Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2023 Jan 09; 65(1667):e6-e10.ML
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- Drugs for chronic insomnia. [Journal Article]Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2023 01 09; 65(1667):1-6.ML
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- Sedative-hypnotic Co-prescribing with Opioids in a Large Network of Community Health Centers. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Co-prescribed sedative-hypnotic use has declined steadily since 2010 across all demographic subgroups in the OCHIN population. Concurrent use remains elevated in several population subgroups.
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- Dispensing of psychotropic drugs in the Brazilian capital city before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2020). [Journal Article]
- Objective: Evaluate the data on the psychotropic drugs dispensed by private community pharmacies before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the quarterly and annual consumption of psychotropic drugs per Defined Daily Dose per 1000 inhabitants-day (DHD). Interrupted time series were also constructed to expose changes in the consumption pattern in the pe…
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- Prescription of Silexan Is Associated with Less Frequent General Practitioner Repeat Consultations Due to Disturbed Sleep Compared to Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists: A Retrospective Database Analysis. [Journal Article]
- The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between the prescription of Silexan and the recurrence of general practitioner (GP) repeat consultations because of disturbed sleep versus benzodiazepine receptor agonists including zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon (Z-drugs). This retrospective cohort study was based on data from the IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) database. The study inclu…
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- Complex regional pain syndrome after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. [Case Reports]
- We describe the case of a 17-year-old woman diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) at a pain clinic after the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. She was referred to our department for surgical treatment of movement disorder seven months after the second inoculation. Baclofen (50 µg), administered intrathecally, improved the involuntary movements of her right hand. After administra…
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- Comparative study of post-mortem concentrations of benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics in several different matrices. [Journal Article]J Anal Toxicol. 2022 Dec 21 [Online ahead of print]JA
- Benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics are detected in the majority of fatal overdose cases in Norway, often in combination with other drugs of abuse, and their concentrations in peripheral blood might be important to elucidate the cause of death. In some forensic autopsies, peripheral blood is however not available. The aim of the present study was to compare concentrations of benzodiazepines and z-hyp…
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- [Clinical aspects of the use of imidazopyridine derivatives in the treatment of sleep disorders associated with post-COVID syndrome]. [Journal Article]Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2022; 122(12):39-44.ZN
- In 2019, a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus began. The fight against COVID-19 required the introduction of a number of restrictive measures, in particular the introduction of quarantine for the population and isolation of the sick, which, along with the direct effect of the virus on the nervous system, led to a significant spread of sleep disorders. In this regard, questions have become re…
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- Exposure-Response Analyses of Polysomnography and Subjective Sleep Efficacy End Points From the Phase 3 Trials of Lemborexant, a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Insomnia. [Journal Article]J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Dec 16 [Online ahead of print]JC
- This report describes polysomnography and sleep diary exposure-response analyses from Study E2006-G000-304 (Study 304), a 1-month trial of 5- or 10-mg lemborexant, zolpidem, or placebo; and Study E2006-G000-303 (Study 303), a 6-month trial of 5- or 10-mg lemborexant or placebo. Studies 304 and 303 included 1006 (86%) and 956 (68%) (female) participants, respectively; >40% were ≥65 years, with ind…
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- Development of two fully automated quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe pretreatment methods for the extraction of psychotropic drugs from whole blood samples. [Journal Article]J Sep Sci. 2022 Dec 07 [Online ahead of print]JS
- Quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction strategies are becoming increasingly adopted in various analytical fields to determine drugs in biological specimens. In the present study, we developed two fully automated quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction methods based on acetonitrile salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (method 1) and acetonitrile salt…
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- Comparison of the treatment effectiveness between lemborexant and zolpidem tartrate extended release for insomnia disorder subtypes defined based on polysomnographic findings. [Journal Article]J Clin Sleep Med. 2022 Dec 06 [Online ahead of print]JC
- CONCLUSIONS: Both drugs, but lemborexant more consistently, showed subjective and objective benefits compared to placebo in insomnia subjects with objective short sleep duration. However, neither LEM nor ZOL provided consistent benefits for subjects with normal sleep duration on sleep onset and sleep maintenance variables.
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- The Efficacy and Safety of Zaoren Anshen Capsule in Combination with Zolpidem for Insomnia: A Multicentre, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Zaoren Anshen capsule can effectively treat insomnia disorder either alone or in combination with zolpidem tartrate. A preferred combination of TCM Zaoren Anshen capsule with zolpidem can provide a magnified therapeutic efficacy with fewer side effects than zolpidem-only management, clinical trial registration number: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-IPR-1600969.
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- Qualitative analysis of 7- and 8-hydroxyzolpidem and discovery of novel zolpidem metabolites in postmortem urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The presence of novel metabolites revealed new metabolic pathways, which involve formation of an epoxide on the pyridine ring as an intermediate.
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- Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed): Zolpidem [BOOK]Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). National Library of Medicine (US): Bethesda (MD)BOOK
- Little information is available on the use of zaleplon during breastfeeding. Some expert opinion considers zaleplon to be not recommended during breastfeeding.[1,2] Because of the low levels of zolpidem in breastmilk and its short half-life, amounts ingested by the infant are small and would not be expected to cause any adverse effects in older breastfed infants. Monitor infants for excess sedati…
- Use of Alcohol, Cannabinoids, Psychostimulants, and Sedatives before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Students in 40 European Countries. [Journal Article]
- In March 2020, the WHO announced the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been ongoing for over 2 years. To stop the spread of the virus, the governments of many countries decided to introduce reasonable social restrictions that were suitable for pandemic waves. This led to radical changes in people's lives, especially among students, who are very active in society. Before COVID-19, being of student age …
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- Association of Benzodiazepine Treatment for Sleep Disorders With Drug Overdose Risk Among Young People. [Journal Article]JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Nov 01; 5(11):e2243215.JN
- CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that benzodiazepines, compared with alternative pharmacologic treatments for common sleep disorders, were associated with an increased risk of drug overdose among young people during the following 6-month period, especially among those with a recent opioid prescription. Drug overdose is an important safety consideration when treating young people with benzodiazepines.
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- The impact of moderate earthquakes on antidepressant prescriptions in Ulsan, South Korea: A controlled interrupted time series analysis. [Journal Article]J Epidemiol. 2022 Nov 12 [Online ahead of print]JE
- CONCLUSIONS: The moderate earthquake in Ulsan was associated with an increase in antidepressant prescriptions. The increase in the male group aged 20-39 was the highest. The impact may vary according to the context of the population.
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- Case Report: High doses of Zolpidem and QT interval lengthening: Is there a relationship? A case series. [Case Reports]
- Zolpidem is indicated in cases of severe insomnia in adults and, as for BDZs, its assumption should be limited to short periods under close medical supervision. Since several drugs cause corrected QT interval (QTc) elongation, the authors investigated whether high daily doses of Zolpidem could cause QTc elongation. The study was conducted in the Addiction Medicine Unit of the G.B. Rossi Universit…
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- Transfer of Zolpidem to Cord Blood and Breast Milk: A Case Series Evaluating Zolpidem Serum Levels and Outcomes in Birth and Suckling Infants. [Journal Article]Breastfeed Med. 2022 12; 17(12):1034-1038.BM
- Background: Zolpidem is used for insomnia in pregnant and lactating women. Although zolpidem has been shown to cross the placenta and to be secreted into breast milk, it would not be expected to cause any adverse effects in newborn and breastfed infants. However, there is no relevant information on serum zolpidem levels in the newborn and breastfed infant from zolpidem-treated mother. This study …
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- Heteroarylation of Congested α-Bromoamides with Imidazo-Heteroarenes and Indolizines via Aza-Oxyallyl Cations: Enroute to Dibenzoazepinone and Zolpidem Analogues. [Journal Article]J Org Chem. 2022 11 04; 87(21):14168-14176.JO
- Herein, we report a highly efficient and unprecedented approach for heteroarylation of congested α-bromoamides via electrophilic aromatic substitution of imidazo-heteroarenes and indolizines under mild reaction conditions (room temperature, metal, and oxidant free). The participation of an in situ generated aza-oxyallyl cation as an alkylating agent is the hallmark of this transformation. The met…
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- Occurrence of Z-drugs, benzodiazepines, and ketamine in wastewater in the United States and Mexico during the Covid-19 pandemic. [Journal Article]
- Z-drugs, benzodiazepines and ketamine are classes of psychotropic drugs prescribed for treating anxiety, sleep disorders and depression with known side effects including an elevated risk of addiction and substance misuse. These drugs have a strong potential for misuse, which has escalated over the years and was hypothesized here to have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Wastewater-ba…
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- The Pain Control Efficacy of Zolpidem versus Melatonin after Intervertebral Disc Herniation Surgery under General Anaesthesia: A Randomised Clinical Trial. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The findings taken together lent a strong support for the highly encouraging efficacy of both drugs in affording adequate analgesia at 24 postoperative hours without any adverse events needing to be thought of. Therefore, both zolpidem and melatonin were promising postoperative pain relievers, while no drug is demonstrably superior to the other.
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- Evolution of benzodiazepine receptor agonist prescriptions in general practice: A registry-based study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Despite some statistically significant decreasing trends, an overall increase in BZRA prescriptions was observed throughout the 19-year study period, especially among long-term users of 18-44 years and 65-plus. Zolpidem became the most prescribed BZRA and warrants more attention.
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- Comparative risk of fracture in community-dwelling older adults initiating suvorexant versus Z-drugs: Results from LIFE study. [Journal Article]J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 Jan; 71(1):109-120.JA
- CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show that suvorexant has a generally comparable risk of fracture as compared to Z-drugs. Further research is needed to investigate the potential short-term increased risk of all-cause fracture requiring surgery among suvorexant initiators.
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- Mother To Baby | Fact Sheet: Zolpidem [BOOK]Mother To Baby | Fact Sheet. Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS): BrentwoodBOOK
- This sheet talks about exposure to zolpidem in a pregnancy and while breastfeeding. This information should not take the place of medical care and advice from your healthcare provider.