Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is an important pathogen that causes bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in China and other countries. To investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. multocida isolated from different provinces in China, we analyzed antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types of P. multocida; then, we sequenced the complete genome of strain found to be multidrug-resistant. The isolates exhibited resistance to many antimicrobial agents, especially amikacin, sulfamethoxazole, sulfachloropyridazinesodium, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis showed that a clonal spread of multidrug-resistant isolates occurred in various provinces. All of the isolates carried class I integron.

Bacterial bone infections have been occasionally reported in wild sea turtles. This study reports on a sub-adult Caretta caretta affected by Aeromonas hydrophila osteomyelitis, with extensive involvement of cranial and caudal flippers. The turtle was severely debilitated, had limited flipper mobility and showed signs of pain in reaction to manipulation. Radiographs and computed tomography revealed multiple lytic bone lesions. Since an infectious polyostotic osteomyelitis was suspected, the turtle was subjected to echo-assisted fine needle aspiration to characterize the etiology of the disease. Bacterial cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing led to the isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila responsive to amikacin and doxycycline. Therefore, the turtle was treated with these antibiotics and monitored through repeat bacterial cultures and diagnostic imaging. The turtle was released 17 mo after admission, upon resolution of clinical signs. The documentation of this case provides a treatment approach that may improve the outcome of Aeromonas-associated osteomyelitis, especially in endangered wildlife species.

In this study, four Co(III)-, Cu(II)-, Zn(II)- and Pd(II)- based potent antibacterial complexes of formula K3[Co(ox)3]·3H2O (I), [Cu(phen)2Cl]Cl·6.5H2O (II), [Zn(phen)3]Cl2 (III) and [Pd(phen)2](NO3)2 (IV) (where ox is oxalato and phen is 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized. They were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurements, UV-Vis, FT-IR and 1H-NMR techniques. These metal complexes were ordered in three combination series of I+II, I+II+III and I+II+III+IV. Antibacterial screening for each metal complex and their combinations against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria revealed that all compounds were more potent antibacterial agents against the Gram negative than those of the Gram positive bacteria. The four metal complexes showed antibacterial activity in the order I > II > III > IV and the activity of their combinations followed the order of I+II+III+IV > I+II+III > I+II. The DNA-binding properties of complex (I) and its three combinations were studied using electronic absorption and fluorescence (ethidium bromide displacement assay) spectroscopy. The results obtained indicated that all series interact effectively with CT-DNA. The binding constant (Kb), the number of binding sites (n) and the Stern-Volmer constant (Ksv) were obtained based on the results of fluorescence measurements. The calculated thermodynamic parameters supported that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces play a major role in the association of each series of metal complexes with CT-DNA and follow the above-binding affinity order for the series. Abbreviations ΔG° standard Gibbs free energy change ΔH° standard enthalpy change ΔS° standard entropy change AMK Amikacin CT-DNA calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid EB ethidium bromide GEN Gentamycin IZ inhibition zone Kb binding constant kq bimolecular quenching rate constant Ksv Stern-Volmer constant MIC minimum inhibitory concentration n number of binding sites on DNA/HSA ox oxalato phen 1,10-phenanthroline.

To explore the risk factors, the prevalence rate, and gene types of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria as the causative agents of infection at King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital (KAASH), Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted during the period between February 2017 and January 2018. All samples obtained from the KAASH were analyzed. The MicroScan Walkaway System, bacteriological examination and double disk synergy tests were used to detect ESBL-producing bacteria. To identify ESBL genes, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used. Results: The ESBL phenotype was detected in 351 of 1151 isolates (30.5%); Escherichia coli (E. coli) (62.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) (23.6%) were the most prevalent. The highest proportion of ESBL specimens was found in urine (62%.5), and these organisms were mainly isolated from the female medical ward (20.2%). Based on the statistical analysis, lung diseases, renal diseases, diabetes and heart diseases contributed to the spread of ESBL infections. Amikacin, imipenem, meropenem and tigecycline were found to be effective in overcoming ESBL infections; however, these antibiotics may be inappropriate for new strains of K.pneumoniae. The distribution of the blaCTX-M gene was high (87%), compared with blaTEM (74.9%) and blaSHV (29.4%).   Conclusion: These data provide new epidemiological information about the prevalence of ESBL-producing organisms among patients in KAASH, Taif, Saudi Arabia. In addition, this study identified the clonal nature of isolated E.coli and K.pneumoniae.

From June 2018, onwards, there has been an upsurge of multi-resistant enteric infections in children admitted from various catchment areas of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital (ASH). This is a serious concern as very few antibiotics are available to treat the children. Children from June 2018 to September 2018 of age groups 5.7 ± 2.84 (range 1.6 to 11 years), referred to ASH, for admission, with clinical suspicion of enteric fever and having received a third generation injectable cephalosporin by a general practitioner, for 5 days or more, with no response, and continuation of fever, were included. A total number of 137 patients had culture proven salmonella typhi, of whom 61(44.52%) showed sensitivity only to meropenem, 45 (32.8%) to azithromycin,13(9.4%)to fosfomycin, 11(8.02%) to Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 5 patients showed sensitivity to ceftriaxone(3.64%) and one had sensitivity to amikacin. All patients were treated successfully for 10 days and discharged home. There were no reported complications at follow-up. Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) enteric fever appears to be a major health concern in Karachi. Mass immunization with oral live attenuated Typhi 21a or injectable unconjugated Vi typhoid vaccine, rational use of antibiotics, improvement in public sanitation facilities, availability of clean drinking water, promotion of safe food handling practices and public health education are vital in the prevention of MDR enteric fever.