- Does Labetalol Trigger False Positive Drug Testing Results? [Journal Article]J Addict Med. 2023 Jan 17 [Online ahead of print]JA
- CONCLUSIONS: In summary, false-positive results can be generated by labetalol when tested by immunoassay, but false-positive results are not expected when testing is performed by highly specific analytical approaches such as LC-MS/MS.
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- Syntaxin 1 Ser14 phosphorylation is required for nonvesicular dopamine release. [Journal Article]
- Amphetamine (AMPH) is a psychostimulant that is commonly abused. The stimulant properties of AMPH are associated with its ability to increase dopamine (DA) neurotransmission. This increase is promoted by nonvesicular DA release mediated by reversal of DA transporter (DAT) function. Syntaxin 1 (Stx1) is a SNARE protein that is phosphorylated at Ser14 by casein kinase II. We show that Stx1 phosphor…
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- Identification of Novel, Replicable Genetic Risk Loci for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among US Military Veterans. [Journal Article]JAMA Psychiatry. 2022 Dec 14 [Online ahead of print]JP
- CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this analysis may advance understanding of the molecular genetic basis of SITB and provide evidence for ESR1, DRD2, TRAF3, and DCC as cross-ancestry candidate risk genes. More work is needed to replicate these findings and to determine if and how these genes might impact clinical care.
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- Characterisation of seven medications approved for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using in vitro models of hepatic metabolism. [Journal Article]Xenobiotica. 2022 Jul; 52(7):676-686.X
- The metabolism of most medications approved for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not fully understood.In vitro studies using cryopreserved, plated human hepatocytes (cPHHs) and pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs) were performed to more thoroughly characterise the metabolism of several ADHD medications.The use of enzyme-specific chemical inhibitors indicated a r…
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- Can scene bloodstains be used to quantify drug concentration at the moment of injury? [Journal Article]Forensic Sci Int. 2022 Dec; 341:111498.FS
- Blood is the primary material for quantitative toxicological analysis and interpretation of the results. However, in some cases like hit-and-run, it may be collected after a long time since the incident, resulting in the complete elimination or a significant decrease in the concentrations of potentially present drugs. If the suspect was injured and bloodstains were revealed, they can become the b…
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- The Use of Brexpiprazole Combined With a Stimulant in Adults With Treatment-Resistant Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. [Randomized Controlled Trial]J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2022 Sep-Oct 01; 42(5):445-453.JC
- CONCLUSIONS: Brexpiprazole might be effective in ADHD adults who are nonresponders to 2 or more stimulants. Future trials in treatment-resistant ADHD should use a 1:1 randomization and use a measure of ADHD symptoms that includes emotional dysregulation.
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- Urinary bio-monitoring of amphetamine derivatives by needle trap device packed with the zirconium-based metal-organic framework. [Journal Article]
- In this research, zirconium-based metal-organic framework was utilized as a novel and efficient porous adsorbent for headspace extraction of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, and Fenfluramine from the urine samples by a needle trap device (NTD). The Zr-UiO-66-PDC was electrosynthesized at the green conditions and characterized by various analyses such as FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, and elemental mapping…
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- Umbilical Cord Collection and Drug Testing to Estimate Prenatal Substance Exposure in Utah. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal substance exposure was detected in nearly 1 in 10 births statewide.
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- Oral, intranasal, and intravenous abuse potential of serdexmethylphenidate, a novel prodrug of d-methylphenidate. [Randomized Controlled Trial]Curr Med Res Opin. 2022 07; 38(7):1237-1250.CM
- CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the novel d-MPH prodrug, SDX, has lower abuse potential than d-MPH and support its classification as a C-IV controlled substance.
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- Allosteric Binding of MDMA to the Human Serotonin Transporter (hSERT) via Ensemble Binding Space Analysis with ΔG Calculations, Induced Fit Docking and Monte Carlo Simulations. [Journal Article]
- Despite the recent promising results of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine) as a psychotherapeutic agent and its history of misuse, little is known about its molecular mode of action. MDMA enhances monoaminergic neurotransmission in the brain and its valuable psychoactive effects are associated to a dual action on the 5-HT transporter (SERT). This drug inhibits the reuptake of 5-HT (seroton…
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- Epidemiological trends in opioid-only and opioid/polysubstance-related death rates among American Indian/Alaska Native populations from 1999 to 2019: a retrospective longitudinal ecological study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight magnification over time in opioid-related deaths and may point to broader systemic factors that may disproportionately affect members of AI/AN communities and drive inequities.
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- The Use of Drosophila to Understand Psychostimulant Responses. [Review]
- The addictive properties of psychostimulants such as cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and methylphenidate are based on their ability to increase dopaminergic neurotransmission in the reward system. While cocaine and methamphetamine are predominately used recreationally, amphetamine and methylphenidate also work as effective therapeutics to treat symptoms of disorders including attention def…
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- Effects of methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity on striatal long-term potentiation. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Together, these studies demonstrate that METH-induced neurotoxicity impairs dopamine D1 receptor-dependent LTP within the DMS and that the FDA-approved drug bupropion restores induction of striatal LTP in mice with METH-induced dopamine neurotoxicity.
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- Sex-dependent Effects of the Drugs of Abuse Amphetamine and the Smart Drug 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone on Fear Memory Generalization in Rats. [Journal Article]Neuroscience. 2022 08 10; 497:107-117.N
- In recent years there has been an increase in the development of new synthetic drugs, among which the "bath salt" 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a psychostimulant with a mechanism of action similar to those of cocaine and amphetamine, stands out. Drugs of abuse have been consistently shown to affect memory function in male rodents. We have recently shown that amphetamine and MDPV induce g…
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- Microsurgical Excision of Ruptured Lenticulostriate Artery Aneurysm. [Case Reports]World Neurosurg. 2022 02; 158:181.WN
- Lenticulostriate artery aneurysms are uncommon lesions, usually found in adults after hemorrhage. Despite their challenging location, mortality rates after initial hemorrhage are favorable. Securing the hemorrhage source is critical but may be complicated by lesional compression or thrombosis on posthemorrhage vascular imaging. We present key steps in the diagnosis and surgical management of a ru…
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- Effects of cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline on gray matter volumes in methamphetamine-dependent patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that CDP-choline may increase GM volumes of MA-dependent patients, which may be related to decreases in MA use and craving.
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- Pharmacokinetics of Synthetic Cathinones Found in Bath Salts in Mouse Brain and Plasma Using High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetics of methylone, mepedrone, and MDPV are altered when the drugs are used in combination. These data provide insight into the consequences of co-exposure to synthetic cathinones in popular bath salt products.
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- D2 Receptors in the Periaqueductal Gray/Dorsal Raphe Modulate Peripheral Inflammatory Hyperalgesia via the Rostral Ventral Medulla. [Journal Article]
- Dopamine neurons in the periaqueductal gray (PAG)/dorsal raphe are key modulators of antinociception with known supraspinal targets. However, no study has directly tested whether these neurons contribute to descending pain inhibition. We hypothesized that PAG dopamine neurons contribute to the analgesic effect of D-amphetamine via a mechanism that involves descending modulation via the rostral ve…
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- The Use and Impact of Cognitive Enhancers among University Students: A Systematic Review. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: The availability of CEs for non-medical indications in different countries is influenced by a range of factors including legal, social and ethical factors. Considering the risk factors and motivations that encourage university students to use CE drugs, it is essential to raise awareness about CE-related harms, counteract myths regarding "safe" CE use and address cognitive enhancement in an early stage during education as a preventative public health measure.
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- Prenatal exposure to methamphetamine in rats induces endothelial dysfunction in male but not female adult offspring. [Journal Article]
- In utero exposure to methamphetamine results in significant developmental, neurological, and behavioral deficits in offspring. However, very little is known about the cardiovascular effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure in adult offspring. We hypothesized that prenatal methamphetamine exposure causes adverse cardiovascular effects in adult offspring. The aims of this study were to test the…
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- Improved Executive Function in Adults Diagnosed With Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder as Measured by the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale Following Treatment With SHP465 Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended-Release: Post Hoc Analyses From 2 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Studies. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in EF measured by BADDS response rates was approximately 2-fold greater with SHP465 MAS than placebo.
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- Multi-residue enantioselective determination of emerging drug contaminants in seawater by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. [Journal Article]
- This study proposes a new multi-residue enantioselective method for the determination of emerging drug contaminants in sea water by solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). To achieve satisfactory enantiomeric separation with a vancomycin stationary phase it was essential to limit sodium chloride in extracted samples to <1 μg per injection. This …
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- Patterns of Neonatal Co-Exposure to Gabapentin and Commonly Abused Drugs Observed in Umbilical Cord Tissue. [Journal Article]
- Gabapentin was thought to have low abuse potential, but it is increasingly being abused by people with substance use disorder in an attempt to potentiate the euphoric effects from opioids and other CNS depressants. Additionally, infants co-exposed to gabapentin and opioids during pregnancy tend to exhibit prolonged and more severe neonatal abstinence syndrome. In this study, we describe positivit…
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- Transdermal Delivery of the Free Base of 3-Fluoroamphetamine: In Vitro Skin Permeation and Irritation Potential. [Journal Article]AAPS PharmSciTech. 2020 Mar 25; 21(3):109.AP
- This work aimed to continue our effort in establishing the feasibility of 3-fluoroamphetamine (also known as PAL-353) to be a transdermal drug candidate by studying the delivery of the base form through the human cadaver skin in lieu of the previously investigated salt form, and for the first time using an EPIDERM™-reconstructed human epidermal model to predict the skin irritation potential of PA…
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- Design of bioactive peptides derived from CART sequence isolated from the toadfish Thalassophryne nattereri. [Case Reports]
- The emergence of bacterial resistance due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics warrants the need for developing new bioactive agents. In this context, antimicrobial peptides are highly useful for managing resistant microbial strains. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of peptides obtained from the venom of the toadfish Thalassophryne nattereri. These peptides were act…
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- A simplified fabric phase sorptive extraction method for the determination of amphetamine drugs in water samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. [Journal Article]
- Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) can directly extract the target analytes and simultaneously determine many similar substances from complicated sample matrices. Also, it has very high chemical stability. Therefore, we used fabric phase sorptive extraction to analyze three amphetamine drugs (amphetamine (AM), methamphetamine (MAM), and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)) in water. Thi…
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- High geographic prevalence of pulmonary artery hypertension: associations with ethnicity, drug use, and altitude. [Journal Article]
- While estimates of pulmonary arterial hypertension incidence and prevalence commonly range from 1-3/million and 15-25/million, respectively, clinical experience at our institution suggested much higher rates. We sought to describe the disease burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension in the geographic area served by our Pulmonary Hypertension Clinic and compare it to the REVEAL registry. Our seco…
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- A four-channel paper microfluidic device with gold nanoparticles and aptamers for seized drugs. [Journal Article]
- In this note we describe a four-channel paper microfluidic device (μPAD) that utilizes gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as colorimetric sensors and specifically tailored aptamers to capture a set of targeted drugs, including cocaine, codeine and methamphetamine. The design utilizes salt-induced aggregation of AuNPs to produce a color change that indicates the presence of target analytes. In the absence…
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- Toxicity of acute exploratory amphetamine-salt medication in amphetamine-naïve pediatrics: a retrospective cohort study. [Journal Article]Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2020 09; 58(9):907-912.CT
- Background and Objectives: Pediatric ingestions of amphetamines used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are on the rise. Little data provide an amphetamine dose at which to refer pediatric unintentional ingestions to a healthcare facility for monitoring. We studied the dose at which unintentional ingestions of amphetamines develop symptoms and receive benzodiazepi…
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- Amphetamine and the Smart Drug 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) Induce Generalization of Fear Memory in Rats. [Journal Article]
- Human studies have consistently shown that drugs of abuse affect memory function. The psychostimulants amphetamine and the "bath salt" 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) increase brain monoamine levels through a similar, yet not identical, mechanism of action. Findings indicate that amphetamine enhances the consolidation of memory for emotional experiences, but still MDPV effects on memory fun…
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