- Elicitation of Hyoscyamine Production in Datura stramonium L. Plants Using Tobamoviruses. [Journal Article]
- Datura stramonium L. produces tropane alkaloids, and the hyoscyamine is dominant among them. Hyoscyamine is produced by hairy root cultures in vitro derived from native plants or plants with the genetically modified biosynthetic pathway for hyoscyamine. A common procedure is extraction from cultivated plants. Elicitors for increased production can be used in both cases. Live viruses are not well …
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- Discovery and Engineering of the Cocaine Biosynthetic Pathway. [Journal Article]J Am Chem Soc. 2022 12 07; 144(48):22000-22007.JA
- Cocaine, the archetypal tropane alkaloid from the plant genus Erythroxylum, has recently been used clinically as a topical anesthesia of the mucous membranes. Despite this, the key biosynthetic step of the requisite tropane skeleton (methylecgonone) from the identified intermediate 4-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-3-oxobutanoic acid (MPOA) has remained, until this point, unknown. Herein, we identify t…
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- StatPearls: Plant Alkaloids Toxicity [BOOK]StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island (FL)BOOK
- Plant chemistry and toxicology are complex with a rich history. Much about plant chemistry remains unknown, and our understanding relies on animal research combined with documented human experiences. The dynamic science of pharmacognosy, which highlights the therapeutic value of plants, has elucidated several major classes of organic molecules found in plants, of which alkaloids represent one. Ot…
- Ornithine decarboxylase regulates putrescine-related metabolism and pollen development in Atropa belladonna. [Journal Article]Plant Physiol Biochem. 2022 Sep 30; 192:110-119.PP
- Polyamines, including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, play critical roles in cell physiology by different forms. As a rate-limiting enzyme that converts ornithine to putrescine, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, EC 1.1.1.37) has been studied in detail in animals and microorganisms, but its specific functions are poorly understood in plants. In this study, the metabolic and developmental roles o…
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- MIL-53(Fe)-derived ant nest structured porous carbon nanospheres CuFeS2 /C for the determination of atropine enantiomeric impurity L-hyoscyamine. [Journal Article]Chirality. 2022 12; 34(12):1526-1537.C
- In this work, an ant nest structured porous carbon nanosphere had been developed for the recognition detection of the atropine (ATP) enantiomers D-hyoscyamine (D-HSM) and L-hyoscyamine (L-HSM). Firstly, Fe-based organic framework was used as the substrate, and Cu ions and sulfur ions were separately introduced to obtain CuFeS2 with ant nest structure by hydrothermal incubation. Then CuFeS2 /C por…
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- Catalytic innovation underlies independent recruitment of polyketide synthases in cocaine and hyoscyamine biosynthesis. [Journal Article]
- Tropane alkaloids such as hyoscyamine and cocaine are of importance in medicinal uses. Only recently has the hyoscyamine biosynthetic machinery become complete. However, the cocaine biosynthesis pathway remains only partially elucidated. Here we characterize polyketide synthases required for generating 3-oxo-glutaric acid from malonyl-CoA in cocaine biosynthetic route. Structural analysis shows t…
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- A validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of l-hyoscyamine in human plasma: Application in a clinical study. [Journal Article]Biomed Chromatogr. 2022 Dec; 36(12):e5485.BC
- Atropine is a racemic mixture of d- and l-hyoscyamine, but only l-hyoscyamine is the effective ingredient. In this study, a new, sensitive, stable, and selective LC/MS assay was developed for the determination of l-hyoscyamine and applied to a clinical study. The parent-product (m/z) transition pair of l-hyoscyamine was 290.1 → 124.1. Chromatographic separations were performed using a chiral MZ c…
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- An organic transistor for the selective detection of tropane alkaloids utilizing a molecularly imprinted polymer. [Journal Article]J Mater Chem B. 2022 09 15; 10(35):6808-6815.JM
- This study proposes a chemical sensing approach for the selective detection of tropane alkaloid drugs based on an extended-gate-type organic field-effect transistor (OFET) functionalized with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). From the viewpoint of pharmaceutical chemistry, the development of versatile chemical sensors to determine the enantiomeric purity of over-the-counter (OTC) tropane dru…
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- Biotechnological Approaches on Engineering Medicinal Tropane Alkaloid Production in Plants. [Review]
- Hyoscyamine and scopolamine, belonging to medicinal tropane alkaloids (MTAs), are potent anticholinergic drugs. Their industrial production relies on medicinal plants, but the levels of the two alkaloids are very low in planta. Engineering the MTA's production is an everlasting hot topic for pharmaceutical industry. With understanding the MTA's biosynthesis, biotechnological approaches are establ…
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- Engineering tropane alkaloid production and glyphosate resistance by overexpressing AbCaM1 and G2-EPSPS in Atropa belladonna. [Journal Article]
- Atropa belladonna is an important industrial crop for producing anticholinergic tropane alkaloids (TAs). Using glyphosate as selection pressure, transgenic homozygous plants of A. belladonna are generated, in which a novel calmodulin gene (AbCaM1) and a reported EPSPS gene (G2-EPSPS) are co-overexpressed. AbCaM1 is highly expressed in secondary roots of A. belladonna and has calcium-binding activ…
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- Assessment of the Conclusions of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Meeting on Tropane Alkaloids. [Journal Article]
- The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was requested to assess the differences in the outcome of the risk assessment of tropane alkaloids (TAs) in food between the CONTAM Panel and the Joint FAO/WHO meeting (FAO/WHO) and to conclude if an update of the EFSA opinion on tropane alkaloids in food and feed would be appropriate. TAs are secondary metabolites occurring in several plants. The main TA…
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- Rapid, presumptive identification of seed-based toxins using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) and its variants. [Journal Article]Sci Justice. 2022 03; 62(2):145-151.SJ
- Detection of seed-based toxins is a need for forensic chemists when suspected poisonings occur. The evidence that is found is often physically unidentifiable, as the seeds are mashed to extract the toxin. This work investigates potential strategies for rapid detection of seed-based toxins and seed mashes containing these toxins using chemical signatures obtained by direct analysis in real time ma…
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- Effect of saccharides on secondary compounds production from stem derived callus of Datura inoxia. [Journal Article]
- Datura inoxia is a subshrub plant known for its toxicity which results from the presence of the tropane alkaloid scopolamine and hyoscyamine. Saccharides are one of the most important elicitors that can alter physiological and biochemical responses in plants. This study targeted to increase the production of secondary metabolites in Datura inoxia avoiding genetic alteration and processes using di…
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- Effect of Open-label Placebo on Children and Adolescents With Functional Abdominal Pain or Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: During OLP, patients with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome reported significantly less pain and took significantly fewer pain medications. Open-label placebo may be an effective treatment for children and adolescents with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome.
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- Acute Poisoning With Datura stramonium Plant Seeds in Qatar. [Case Reports]
- Datura stramonium (also called thorn apple or Jimson weed) is a plant that contains atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine, giving it anticholinergic effects when consumed. We report the case of a 32-year-old male in Qatar who intentionally ingested seeds from Jimson weed mixed with milk. The patient became severely confused and delirious, eventually requiring admission to the intensive care unit…
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- Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Green Synthesized Cu2O Nanoparticles Using Datura Metel L. [Journal Article]
- In biomedical applications, Cu2O nanoparticles are of great interest. The bioengineered route is eco-friendly for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, in the present study, there is an attempt to synthesis Cu2O nanoparticles using Datura metel L. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, and FT-IR. UV-Vis results suggest the presence of hyoscyamine, atropine in Datura…
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- Fluorescence-based immunochromatographic test strip for the detection of hyoscyamine. [Journal Article]
- Hyoscyamine (HSM), which acts as an antagonist of the acetylcholine muscarinic receptor and can induce a variety of distinct toxic syndromes in mammals (anti-cholinergic poisoning), is hazardous to human health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective method to determine HSM. A fluorescent microsphere based immunochromatographic assay was developed for this analy…
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- Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG) Position Statement on the Use of Hyoscine-n-butylbromide (Buscopan) During Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. [Journal Article]
- Hyoscine butylbromide, also known as hyoscyamine or scopolamine, and sold under the trade name Buscopan, is an antimuscarinic agent commonly used to induce smooth muscle relaxation and reduce spasmodic activity of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract during endoscopic procedures. However, the balance between desirable and undesirable (adverse) effects is not clear when used during GI endoscopy. The Cl…
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- CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of the PYRROLIDINE KETIDE SYNTHASE gene reduces the accumulation of tropane alkaloids in Atropa belladonna hairy roots. [Journal Article]
- Tropane alkaloids, including clinically important hyoscyamine and scopolamine, are produced in the roots of medicinal plant species, such as Atropa belladonna, from the Solanaceae family. Recent molecular and genomic approaches have advanced our understanding of the metabolic enzymes involved in tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. A noncanonical type III polyketide synthase, pyrrolidine ketide synthas…
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- Scopolia carniolica var. hladnikiana: Alkaloidal Analysis and Potential Taxonomical Implications. [Journal Article]
- The present research sought to compare the content of hyoscyamine/atropine and scopolamine in Scopolia carniolica and its contested variety, S. carniolica var. hladnikiana, with the aim of investigating differences that may be of taxonomical significance. A multi-phase liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to extract and analyse these alkaloids in different organs…
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- Tropane alkaloids and terpenes synthase genes of Datura stramonium (Solanaceae). [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate differences in the number of gene copies involved in the synthesis of tropane alkaloids, between the genomes of D. stramonium from two Mexican populations. More copies of genes related to the synthesis of tropane alkaloids (TRI, TRII, H6H, PMT) are found in D. stramonium as compared to Viridiplantae. Likewise, for terpene synthases (TPS), TPS-10 is duplicated in D. stramonium and D. metel. Further studies should be directed to experimentally assess gain (overexpression) or loss (silencing) of function of duplicated genes.
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- Engineering cellular metabolite transport for biosynthesis of computationally predicted tropane alkaloid derivatives in yeast. [Journal Article]
- Microbial biosynthesis of plant natural products (PNPs) can facilitate access to valuable medicinal compounds and derivatives. Such efforts are challenged by metabolite transport limitations, which arise when complex plant pathways distributed across organelles and tissues are reconstructed in unicellular hosts without concomitant transport machinery. We recently reported an engineered yeast plat…
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- Antispasmodics for Chronic Abdominal Pain: Analysis of North American Treatment Options. [Review]
- Chronic abdominal pain is a common gastrointestinal (GI) symptom that characterizes many functional GI disorders/disorders of gut-brain interaction, including irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, and centrally mediated abdominal pain syndrome. The symptoms of abdominal pain in these highly prevalent disorders are often treated with antispasmodic agents. Antispasmodic treatment includes…
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- Alkaloids of the Genus Datura: Review of a Rich Resource for Natural Product Discovery. [Review]
- The genus Datura (Solanaceae) contains nine species of medicinal plants that have held both curative utility and cultural significance throughout history. This genus' particular bioactivity results from the enormous diversity of alkaloids it contains, making it a valuable study organism for many disciplines. Although Datura contains mostly tropane alkaloids (such as hyoscyamine and scopolamine), …
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- Methyl-β-cyclodextrin and coronatine as new elicitors of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in Atropa acuminata and Atropa belladonna hairy root cultures. [Journal Article]
- Hyoscyamine (HYO) and scopolamine (SCO) are tropane alkaloids acting as anticholinergic factors on the parasympathetic nervous system in humans and are produced by Solanaceous plants. Two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, A4 and LBA9402, were used to infect Atropa acuminata Royle ex Miers and Atropa belladonna L. leaf explants. A. acuminata was inoculated either by direct infection or sonicate…
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- Datura genome reveals duplications of psychoactive alkaloid biosynthetic genes and high mutation rate following tissue culture. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: We have assembled, annotated, and characterized the first draft genome for this important model plant species. Using this resource, we show duplications of genes leading to the synthesis of the medicinally important alkaloid, scopolamine. Our results also demonstrate that following tissue culture, mutation rates of transformed plants are quite high (1.16 × 10- 3 mutations per site), but do not have a drastic impact on gene expression.
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- Structural insights on the interaction potential of natural leads against major protein targets of SARS-CoV-2: Molecular modelling, docking and dynamic simulation studies. [Journal Article]
- Though significant efforts are in progress for developing drugs and vaccines against COVID-19, limited therapeutic agents are available currently. Thus, it is essential to undertake COVID-19 research and to identify therapeutic interventions in which computational modeling and virtual screening of lead molecules provide significant insights. The present study aimed to predict the interaction pote…
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- Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed): Atropine [BOOK]Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). National Library of Medicine (US): Bethesda (MD)BOOK
- No information is available on the use of atropine during breastfeeding. Long-term use of atropine might reduce milk production or milk letdown, but a single systemic or ophthalmic dose is not likely to interfere with breastfeeding. During long-term use, observe for signs of decreased lactation (e.g., insatiety, poor weight gain).
- Development of Atropa belladonna L. Plants with High-Yield Hyoscyamine and without Its Derivatives Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System. [Journal Article]
- Atropa belladonna L. is one of the most important herbal plants that produces hyoscyamine or atropine, and it also produces anisodamine and scopolamine. However, the in planta hyoscyamine content is very low, and it is difficult and expensive to independently separate hyoscyamine from the tropane alkaloids in A. belladonna. Therefore, it is vital to develop A. belladonna plants with high yields o…
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