Little is known about the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs) in paediatric abdominopelvic surgical oncology. A retrospective analysis was performed upon the incidence of SSIs in children receiving a 24-hour antibiotic prophylaxis with cefazolin for abdominopelvic oncological surgery. In all, 145 patients (57% females) with a median age of 4 years underwent surgical procedures for abdominopelvic tumours. No SSIs were detected, despite the various risk factors known to be associated with their occurrence (such as pre- and post- surgical chemotherapy, long hospitalization, intensive care unit admission and drain placement). Cefazolin prophylaxis seems to be safe and effective in preventing SSIs in children undergoing abdominopelvic surgery for oncological diseases.

The present study was designed to explain the impact of amoxicillin, gentamicin, and cefazolin on the oxidative stress (OS) and reproductivity in the mouse testes. Our data showed that reduced glutathione (GSH) level, which is a marker for OS, strikingly reduced and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, which acts as a signaling molecule in mammalian germ cells, strikingly increased with amoxicillin, gentamicin, and cefazolin treatment. The gene expression and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) were significantly affected in the presence of these antibiotics. Also, spermatogenesis was adversely affected by suppressing Deleted in Azoospermia (Dazl) gene expression. Finally, oxidative stress and spermatogenesis failure distorted to sperm viability, motility, and morphology in amoxicillin and gentamicin-treated mice.

Staphylococcus-associated glomerulonephritis (SAGN) is a rare immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis associated with active Staphylococcus infection. We report a case illustrating the importance of clinical history and kidney biopsy findings in establishing the correct diagnosis.

Cefazolin efficacy with high inoculum methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections remains in question due to therapeutic failure inferred from an inoculum effect. This study investigated the local prevalence of a cefazolin inoculum effect (CInE) and its association with staphylococcal blaZ gene types among MSSA isolates in the Chicago area. Four medical centers in Chicago, Illinois contributed MSSA isolates. Cefazolin MICs (C-MIC) were determined at 24 hours by broth microdilution method using standard inocula (SI, 5 x 105 CFU/mL) and high inocula (HI, 5 x 107 CFU/mL). The CInE was defined as 1) a ≥ 4-fold increase in C-MIC between SI and HI and/or 2) a pronounced CInE: a nonsusceptible C-MIC of ≥ 16 μg/mL at HI. PCR was used to amplify the blaZ gene, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing to determine the gene type. Approximately 269 MSSA isolates were included. All but one isolate was susceptible to cefazolin at SI and 97% remained susceptible at HI. A total of 196 isolates (73%) were blaZ-positive, led by gene type C (40%). The CInE was seen in 45 blaZ-positive isolates (23%) with 44 (22%) presenting a ≥ 4-fold increase in C-MIC (SI to HI) and five (3%) with a pronounced CInE. Four out of the five, met both definitions of CInE with two expressing the type A gene. The prevalence of a pronounced CInE associated with the type A blaZ gene from MSSA isolates in Chicago is low. Our predilection for cefazolin use, even early in the management of hospitalized MSSA infections, is tenable.