- Labial Adhesion Secondary to Lichen Sclerosus Masked by Vulvar Hailey-Hailey Disease. [Journal Article]
- Labial adhesions in postmenopausal women are caused by various inflammatory processes in the context of estrogen deficiency. Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, progressive condition characterized by idiopathic epithelial thinning of the anogenital region with symptoms of significant pruritus, discomfort, and dyspareunia. Early diagnosis and treatment of LS can prevent disease progression, leadin…
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- [Lichen sclerosus in women]. [Review]Ugeskr Laeger. 2022 09 12; 184(37)UL
- This review investigates women suffering from chronic vulval pruritus who may suffer from lichen sclerosus (LS). LS is a chronic inflammatory skin condition involving the vulva and anogenital regions. Treatment may be initiated upon suspicion, although the diagnosis is predominantly clinical and at times a skin biopsy is needed to confirm the diagnosis. LS is treated with potent to very potent to…
- Psychological (co)morbidity in patients with psoriasis: the impact of pruritus and anogenital involvement on symptoms of depression and anxiety and on body dysmorphic concerns - a cross-sectional study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Pruritus induces significant burden and psychological morbidity, particularly for patients without anogenital involvement. However, coping strategies used by patients with anogenital psoriasis might be dysfunctional for overall psychosocial adaptation. Patient-centred healthcare might be the best way to prevent psychological comorbidity.
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- StatPearls: Apocrine Miliaria [BOOK]StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island (FL)BOOK
- Fox-Fordyce disease (FFD), an eponym for apocrine miliaria, is a rare chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the apocrine glands characterized by a pruritic papular eruption in the apocrine gland-rich parts of the body, including the axillae, areolae, anogenital region, among others. This disorder was first described in 1902 by George Henry Fox and John Addison Fordyce as pruritic papules in the a…
- Pruritus: Diagnosis and Management. [Journal Article]Am Fam Physician. 2022 01 01; 105(1):55-64.AF
- Pruritus is the sensation of itching; it can be caused by dermatologic and systemic conditions. An exposure history may reveal symptom triggers. A thorough skin examination, including visualization of the finger webs, anogenital region, nails, and scalp, is essential. Primary skin lesions indicate diseased skin, and secondary lesions are reactive and result from skin manipulation, such as scratch…
- NASPAG Clinical Opinion: Diagnosis and Management of Lichen Sclerosis in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients. [Review]
- This Clinical Opinion replaces the NASPAG Clinical Recommendation: Pediatric Lichen Sclerosus published in 2014. The objective of this document is to provide guidance in the diagnosis and management of vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) in the pediatric and adolescent patient in order to treat patient symptoms and reduce long-term sequelae. LS is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the anogenita…
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- 2020 guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous pruritus. [Journal Article]
- The mechanisms underlying itch are not fully understood. Physicians usually encounter difficulty controlling itch in generalized pruritus. Since only a small percentage of patients with generalized pruritus respond to antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists), a variety of itch mediators and mechanisms other than histaminergic signals are considered to be involved in itch for these non-responsive …
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- Pediatric Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus-A Review of the Literature. [Journal Article]
- Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the anogenital region, which may present in a prepubertal or adolescent patient. The most popular theories are its autoimmune and genetic conditioning, although theories concerning hormonal and infectious etiology have also been raised. The most common presenting symptoms of VLS is vulva pruritus, discomfort, dysuria and …
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- Response of pruritic scrotal epidermolytic acanthomas to pimecrolimus 1% cream. [Case Reports]Dermatol Online J. 2021 Feb 15; 27(2)DO
- Epidermolytic acanthomas (EA) are rare benign tumors of unclear etiology that present as flat, sometimes slightly keratotic, pale or whitish papules that are usually asymptomatic. Not uncommonly, their clinical appearance in the anogenital area might lead to misdiagnosis as other lesions that commonly develop at this site, such as condylomata acuminata. Though mainly asymptomatic, there are also …
- Topical Mucoadhesive Alginate-Based Hydrogel Loading Ketorolac for Pain Management after Pharmacotherapy, Ablation, or Surgical Removal in Condyloma Acuminata. [Journal Article]
- Condyloma acuminata is an infectious disease caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) and one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. It is manifested as warts that frequently cause pain, pruritus, burning, and occasional bleeding. Treatment (physical, chemical, or surgical) can result in erosion, scars, or ulcers, implying inflammatory processes causing pain. In this work, a biocomp…
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- Labial fusion in adolescence secondary to lichen sclerosus. [Case Reports]
- Labial fusion in adolescence is uncommon and is usually secondary to other skin disorders or trauma of the vulvar area. In a five-year period, we treated five patients with labial fusion in our facility with a mean age of 16.4 years. Based on clinical presentation and biopsy of the vulvar skin, lichen sclerosus (LS) was the causative factor. Four out of five had urinary problems and one suffered …
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- Characteristics Among Premenarchal Girls With Lichen Sclerosus. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Although further studies are needed to better characterize the relationship between LUTS, constipation, and LS, our findings suggest that premenarchal subjects presenting with LUTS should be assessed for LS. Likewise, patients presenting with LS should be assessed for LUTS and constipation.
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- Clinical features of idiopathic anogenital pruritus in adult men: A case-control study. [Letter]J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021 11; 85(5):1315-1317.JA
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- Gastrointestinal involvement of primary skin diseases. [Review]
- Less is known about gastrointestinal (GI) involvement of primary skin diseases due to the difference in embryology, histology, microbiology and physiology between integument and alimentary tract. Oesophagus, following the oropharyngeal mucosa, is the most common GI segment affected by primary skin diseases, especially by eosinophilic oesophagitis, lichen planus and autoimmune bullous dermatoses l…
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- EXTRAMAMMARY PAGET´S DISEASE: A CASE REPORT OF VULVAR RECONSTRUCTION WITH GRACILIS MYOCUTANEOUS FLAP AFTER TOTAL VULVECTOMY. [Case Reports]Acta Chir Plast. 2020 Winter; 62(3-4):111-114.AC
- Extramammary vulvar Paget's disease is a very rare presentation of this disease, with few symptoms, whose initial complaint is the appearance of a slow-growing erythematous plaque in the anogenital region associated with pruritus. The evolution is chronic and the diagnosis is often late. Surgical excision is the main treatment and should be performed with wide margins, due to the high rate of loc…
- Oral and Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus. [Case Reports]
- Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory, mucocutaneous disorder of genital and extragenital skin (1). Simultaneous involvement of the oral mucosa is extremely rare, but it may be the only affected area (2). A 55-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb due to whitish lesions on the right ventrolateral part of the tongu…
- Genital lichen sclerosus et atrophicus in females: An update. [Review]
- Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus is an acquired chronic inflammatory dermatosis commonly affecting the vulvar and perianal regions. It is associated with an increased risk of vulvar cancer even though it is not a premalignant condition itself. The true precursor of cancer associated with lichen sclerosus (LS) is vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), differentiated type. The diagnosis is usually c…
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- Recalcitrant anal and genital pruritus treated with dupilumab. [Case Reports]
- Chronic anogenital pruritus can significantly impair affected patients' quality of life by disrupting their sleep, mood, sexual function, and personal relationships. Although a significant portion of these patients can be managed with hygiene measures, topical therapy, oral anti-pruritics, and allergen avoidance after patch testing, guidelines to treat patients who do not respond to standard ther…
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- Female Genital Itch. [Review]
- Vulvar pruritus is a common complaint among young girls and women presenting to primary care physicians, gynecologists, and dermatologists. Female genital itch is especially disruptive because of its interference with sexual function and intimacy. Causes of vulvar itch are vast and may be inflammatory, environmental, neoplastic, or infectious, often with several causes coexisting simultaneously. …
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- Vitiligoid variant of lichen sclerosus in young girls with darker skin types. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The girls presented in this series appear to have had vitiligoid lichen sclerosus, given the clinical overlap of lichen sclerosus and vitiligo affecting the anogenital region, particularly given that they did not have depigmented patches elsewhere on their body. Previous cases of vitiligoid lichen sclerosus have been reported in darker skin types, and our findings support this possible predisposition. It is important for clinicians to assess patients presenting with genital depigmentation for overlapping features of vitiligo and lichen sclerosus and determine appropriate management.
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- The possible role of human papillomavirus infection in the development of lichen sclerosus. [Review]
- Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin predominantly affecting the anogenital area that causes pruritus and pain and is associated with an increased risk of malignancy. In some cases, LS vanishes after application of imiquimod, raising the question whether human papillomavirus (HPV) may have an etiopathogenic role in anogenital LS. The databases MEDLINE and…
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- Extragenital bullous lichen sclerosus on the anterior lower extremities: report of a case and literature review. [Case Reports]
- Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a benign, chronic, inflammatory skin disease with a predilection for the anogenital region in women. Although males can also be affected, the ratio of female to male incidence has been reported to be as high as 6-10:1 and possesses a bimodal age distribution of pre-pubertal girls and postmenopausal women [1, 2]. Affected skin usually demonstrates polygonal papules that co…
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- Anogenital Swelling in a Teenager. [Case Reports]Pediatr Dermatol. 2016 Sep; 33(5):553-4.PD
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- Itch in Special Skin Locations Management. [Review]Curr Probl Dermatol. 2016; 50:111-5.CP
- Itch management can be particularly complicated in some small areas like the scalp or the anogenital region for many reasons: the frequently poor diagnosis of the causes of itch in these areas, the dense innervation of these areas, and the symbolic value of these areas for the human psyche. The diagnosis of itchy scalp is easier than that of anogenital pruritus. Clinical examination and a careful…
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- Anogenital Pruritus - An Overview. [Review]
- Anogenital pruritus is defined as intense itching, acute or chronic, affecting the anal, perianal, perineal and genital skin, which is a dominant problem in the course of various cutaneous and systemic conditions. It is one of the common, extremely annoying symptom for which patients attend the Dermatology Outpatient Department (OPD). Anogenital skin is highly sensitive to soaps, perfumes, clothi…
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- Extra Mammary Paget's Disease: A Rare Case Report. [Journal Article]
- Extramammary Paget's disease is a marginated plaque resembling Paget's disease but occurring in anogenital area, axilla or most commonly on the vulva. A 62-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with extremely pruritic plaque on the perineal skin which progressed gradually over 3 years and did not respond to any topical/systemic steroids, antibiotics, and antifungals. Examination revealed 7 × 8 …
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- [Genitoanal pruritus]. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: In summary, genital pruritus forms a challenge that can, however, be met well by careful diagnostics, therapy and interdisciplinary care in the daily clinical practice.
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- [Vulvar lichen sclerosus in a girl with Turner syndrome]. [Case Reports]Arch Argent Pediatr. 2014 Aug; 112(4):e160-2.AA
- Dermatological complications in Turner syndrome are infrequent but occasionally cause significant morbidity. Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous affection characterized by pruritus in the anogenital area. It is yet not clear its pathophysiology but it's linked with genetic factors and autoimmunity. This is a case report of a girl with Turner syndrome with growth hormone …
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- Anogenital epidermolytic acanthomas: effective treatment of pruritus with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment. [Case Reports]
- Epidermolytic acanthoma is an uncommon benign tumor with a predilection for the anogenital region, that is characterized histologically by epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Most reported cases are asymptomatic while some are pruritic. Treatment of this condition is challenging and not well studied. We report a 55-year-old man with pruritic anogenital epidermolytic acanthomas that persisted despite va…
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- Similarities between neuropathic pruritus sites and lichen simplex chronicus sites. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: A considerable proportion of patients with brachioradial pruritus, anogenital pruritus and scalp dysesthesia have abnormal nerve conduction findings, suggesting a neuropathic origin. The skin sites overlap with some common LSC sites, suggesting that in some cases of LSC a local neuropathy could be a possible cause.