- Fluorescence-Activating and Absorption-Shifting Nanoprobes for Anaerobic Tracking of Gut Microbiota Derived Vesicles. [Journal Article]ACS Nano. 2023 Feb 03 [Online ahead of print]AN
- Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are crucial for bacterial intercellular communication and the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and its host. Methods capable of visualizing gut microbiota derived OMVs would be of great significance but have been rarely reported. Here, nanoprobes carrying a fluorescence-activating and absorption-shifting tag are prepared by combining genetic engineering and anti…
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- Oral antibiotics do not prevent infection or implant loss after immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction: Evidence from 683 consecutive reconstructions without prophylaxis. [Journal Article]Plast Reconstr Surg. 2022 Dec 19 [Online ahead of print]PR
- CONCLUSIONS: EAP after post-mastectomy breast reconstruction did not improve outcomes. Although the use of EAP did not appear to worsen clinical outcomes, marked differences in the microbiology of associated infections may render them more difficult to treat. Moreover, a small but significant proportion of women suffered adverse reactions to the EAP.
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- Gut microbiota mediates the anti-colitis effects of polysaccharides derived from Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye in mice. [Journal Article]Food Funct. 2023 Jan 31 [Online ahead of print]FF
- Ulcerative colitis (UC) is closely associated with the disturbance of gut microbiota. Crude polysaccharide-rich extract from Rhopilema esculentum Kishinouye has been proven to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-triggered colitis. However, it remains unclear whether the polysaccharides from Rhopilema esculentum (REP) in the extract play a predominant role in ameliorating colitis and whether gu…
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- Gut microbiota-derived ursodeoxycholic acid alleviates low birth weight-induced colonic inflammation by enhancing M2 macrophage polarization. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: These findings establish a causal relationship between LBW-associated intestinal abnormalities and dysbiosis, suggesting that restoring intestinal health and postnatal maldevelopment of LBW infants may be achieved by targeting intestinal microbiota and BA metabolism. Video Abstract.
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- Virulence and genomic diversity among clinical isolates of ST1 (BI/NAP1/027) Clostridioides difficile. [Preprint]
- Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) , a leading cause of nosocomial infection, produces toxins that damage the colonic epithelium and results in colitis that varies from mild to fulminant. Variation in disease severity is poorly understood and has been attributed to host factors (age, immune competence and intestinal microbiome composition) and/or virulence differences between C. difficile st…
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- Maternal inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy and infectious disease in offspring under five years old: a population-based cohort study. [Journal Article]Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 Jan 06 [Online ahead of print]AJ
- CONCLUSIONS: Maternal CD, but not UC, was associated with an increased risk of infection in offspring under five years, of which adverse birth outcomes and anti-TNFα had a minor role. The association between anti-TNFα agents and pediatric infection could be partially explained by maternal CD.
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- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Before and After 1990. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Significantly increase in ex-smoking correlates with UC incidence post 1990. Conversely, smoking risk decreased significantly post 1990 despite rising CD incidence. CD-GRS likewise trended to decrease post 1990 only when not accounting for a significant decrease in CD surgery. We therefore deduce that unaccounted risk factors (eg, dietary, obesity, antibiotic use, improved hygiene, etc.) or greater detection or presence of mild CD may underlie post-1990 increased CD incidence.
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- A Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study Identifying an Association of Acne, But Not Oral Antibiotic or Isotretinoin Use, With Risk of Incident Inflammatory Bowel Disease. [Journal Article]J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023 Jan 19 [Online ahead of print]JA
- CONCLUSIONS: This matched cohort study identifies an association between acne and IBD. These data provide further reassurance regarding the use of isotretinoin in the treatment of acne.
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- Optimized Antimicrobial Peptide Jelleine-I Derivative Br-J-I Inhibits Fusobacterium Nucleatum to Suppress Colorectal Cancer Progression. [Journal Article]
- Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health burden worldwide due to its high morbidity, mortality, and complex etiology. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a Gram-negative anaerobe found in 30% of CRC patients, promotes CRC carcinogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Effective antimicrobial treatment is an unmet need for the rising CRC burden. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a new class of …
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- Antibiotic use as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease across the ages: a population-based cohort study. [Journal Article]Gut. 2023 Jan 09 [Online ahead of print]Gut
- CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic exposure is associated with an increased risk of IBD, and was highest among individuals aged 40 years and older. This risk increased with cumulative antibiotic exposure, with antibiotics targeting gastrointestinal pathogens and within 1-2 years after antibiotic exposure.
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- TRPC absence induces pro-inflammatory macrophages and gut microbe disorder, sensitizing mice to colitis. [Journal Article]Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Dec 31; 115:109655.II
- The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels, encoded in seven non-allelic genes, are important contributors to calcium fluxes, are strongly associated with various diseases. Here we explored the consequences of ablating all seven TRPCs in mice focusing on colitis. We discovered that absence of all seven TRPC proteins in mice (TRPC HeptaKO mice) promotes the development of dextran s…
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- Make It Less difficile: Understanding Genetic Evolution and Global Spread of Clostridioides difficile. [Review]
- Clostridioides difficile is an obligate anaerobic pathogen among the most common causes of healthcare-associated infections. It poses a global threat due to the clinical outcomes of infection and resistance to antibiotics recommended by international guidelines for its eradication. In particular, C. difficile infection can lead to fulminant colitis associated with shock, hypotension, megacolon, a…
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- Reply to Ito. [Journal Article]Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Dec 19 [Online ahead of print]CI
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- Associations of Antibiotics, Hormonal Therapies, Oral Contraceptives, and Long-Term NSAIDS With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study. [Journal Article]Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Dec 15 [Online ahead of print]CG
- CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotics, hormonal medications, oral contraceptives, and long-term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use were associated with increased odds of incident IBD after adjustment for covariates.
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- The Prevalence of Clostridium difficile Colitis and Effect on All-Cause Mortality in Elderly Patients after Hip Fracture Surgery: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CDC after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients was 1.43%. CDC after hip fracture in the elderly patients significantly increased the all-cause mortality rate after discharge.
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- Differential analysis of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Microbiota and their metabolites are major factors regulating the composition and function of mucus, in turn influencing the function and structure of intestinal mucus barrier under colitis. The different microbiota and metabolites identified in the present study could be novel biomarkers for colitis.
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- Redistribution of the Novel Clostridioides difficile Spore Adherence Receptor E-Cadherin by TcdA and TcdB Increases Spore Binding to Adherens Junctions. [Journal Article]
- Clostridioides difficile causes antibiotic-associated diseases in humans, ranging from mild diarrhea to severe pseudomembranous colitis and death. A major clinical challenge is the prevention of disease recurrence, which affects nearly ~20 to 30% of the patients with a primary C. difficile infection (CDI). During CDI, C. difficile forms metabolically dormant spores that are essential for recurren…
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- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ as the gatekeeper of tight junction in Clostridioides difficile infection. [Journal Article]
- Clostridioides difficile is a major causative pathogen of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea and severe colitis. Despite the use of vancomycin and fidaxomicin as standard drugs for the treatment of C. difficile infection (CDI), clinical relapse rates remain high. Therefore, new alternative therapeutics to treat CDI are urgently required. The nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activa…
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- Bibliometric and visual analysis of fecal microbiota transplantation research from 2012 to 2021. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis explored hot spots and emerging trends in the FMT field. Indications for use of FMT extended from digestive system diseases to other systemic diseases. Additionally, areas such as risk assessment and control, along with application methods were also a focus of current research. Moreover, research relating to optimization of clinical practice has excellent prospects.
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- The impact of dietary fibers on Clostridioides difficile infection in a mouse model. [Journal Article]
- Diets rich in fiber may provide health benefits and regulate the gut microbiome, which affects the immune system. However, the role of dietary fiber in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is controversial. Here, we investigated the use of fermentable fibers, such as inulin or pectin, to replace the insoluble fiber cellulose to explore how dietary fiber affects C. difficile-induced colitis in…
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- Probiotic Therapy with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Results in Infarct Size Limitation in Rats with Obesity and Chemically Induced Colitis. [Journal Article]
- In this study, we investigated the effect of three different probiotics, namely, a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BB-12), Saccharomyces boulardii, and Enterococcus faecium L3 on myocardial infarct size in rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and chemically-induced colitis (CIC). Potential associations between the effects of probiotics o…
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- Gut Microbiota and Clostridium difficile: What We Know and the New Frontiers. [Review]
- Our digestive system, particularly our intestines, harbors a vast amount of microorganisms, whose genetic makeup is referred to as the microbiome. Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium, which can cause an infection whose symptoms range from asymptomatic colonization to fearsome complications such as the onset of toxic megacolon. The relationship between gut microbiota a…
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- [Ulcerative colitis complicated by pyoderma gangrenosum and multiple aseptic abscesses]. [Journal Article]Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 2022; 119(11):1014-1021.NS
- A woman in her 30s was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) 4 years ago and treated with tacrolimus, azathioprine, and prednisolone 5mg (PSL). Skin ulcers appeared on the right lower leg during the course of treatment, diagnosed as pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). The patient initially improved with an increased PSL and infliximab dose, but then developed multiple skin ulcers and folliculitis through…
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- Clostridium difficile colitis and peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis: 'Difficile' treatment considerations. [Journal Article]Perit Dial Int. 2022 Nov 09 [Online ahead of print]PD
- Peritoneal dialysis (PD) associated peritonitis is the leading cause of PD discontinuation and haemodialysis transfer. Current guidelines strongly recommend prompt initiation of empiric broad-spectrum intraperitoneal antibiotics, with suspected peritonitis. Clostridium difficile colitis is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections, with increased morbidity and mortality among end-st…
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- Protective effects of amoxicillin and probiotics on colon disorders in an experimental model of acute diverticulitis disease. [Journal Article]
- Acute diverticulitis disease is associated with inflammation and infection in the colon diverticula and may lead to severe morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the protective effects of amoxicillin antibiotic, either alone or in combination with probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis), in a rat model of acute diverticulitis disease. Acute diverticulitis wa…
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- The negative effect of Akkermansia muciniphila-mediated post-antibiotic reconstitution of the gut microbiota on the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice. [Journal Article]
- The bidirectional relationship between colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gut microbiome has been well-documented. Here, we investigated the impact of Akkermansia muciniphila-mediated post-antibiotic gut microbial reconstitution on the development of colitis-associated CRC (CAC). The results showed that post-antibiotic replenishment of A. muciniphila worsened the tumorigenesis of CAC as indicated by…
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- Correlation of Clinical Severity With Stool Microbiome Changes in Clostridioides difficile Infection. [Journal Article]Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2022 Oct 31 [Online ahead of print]AP
- CONCLUSIONS: Clinical severity of CDI influences the stool microbiome of infected patients. To date, this study has the largest data set comparing 16S rRNA microbiome profiles and clinical variables between CDI-infected and noninfected individuals.
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- Antibiotics in the pathogenesis of diabetes and inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. [Review]
- Antibiotic use is increasing worldwide. However, the use of antibiotics is clearly associated with changes in gut microbiome composition and function, and perturbations have been identified as potential environmental risk factors for chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. In this Review, we examine the association between the use of antibiotics and the onset and development…
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- Shorter is better: The case for short antibiotic courses for common infections in solid organ transplant recipients. [Review]Transpl Infect Dis. 2022 Oct; 24(5):e13896.TI
- CONCLUSIONS: There are known harms associated with antibiotics and, when studied, existing data do not demonstrate harm associated with shorter courses of antibiotics among SOTRs. Furthermore, several RCTs did include some immune compromised patients and found shorter therapy to result in similar clinical efficacy with diminished adverse effects. Shorter antibiotic durations should be considered in SOTRs, and questions of antibiotic duration among SOTRs should be prioritized for study in clinical trials.
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