- Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed): Physostigmine [BOOK]Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). National Library of Medicine (US): Bethesda (MD)BOOK
- No information is available on the use of physostigmine during breastfeeding.
- Continuous infusion of physostigmine in patients with perioperative septic shock: A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study with population pharmacokinetic modeling. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: PK of physostigmine in patients with septic shock displayed substantial inter-individual variability with body weight and age influencing the clearance. Physostigmine inhibited AChE activity with a sigmoidal concentration-response effect.
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- Effect of physostigmine on recovery from septic shock following intra-abdominal infection - Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, monocentric pilot trial (Anticholium® per Se). [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with physostigmine salicylate was feasible and safe. Further studies are justified to assess the effect on recovery from septic shock.
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- Behavioral and biochemical evidences for nootropic activity of boldine in young and aged mice. [Journal Article]
- Boldine, a bioactive compound, has been reported to be neuroprotective, but its effect on learning and memory has not been explored. So, the present study was aimed to study the effect of boldine on the learning and memory of the Swiss albino male young and aged mice. Boldine (1.5, 3 and 6mg/kg, po) and physostigmine salicylate (0.1mg/kg, ip) were administered to separate groups of mice for 7 suc…
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- Adjunctive use of physostigmine salicylate (Anticholium®) in perioperative sepsis and septic shock: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, monocentric trial (Anticholium® per Se). [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: This randomized, controlled, monocentric trial investigates for the first time the adjunctive use of physostigmine (Anticholium®) in patients with perioperative sepsis and septic shock and may be a pivotal step toward the clinical use in this indication.
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- A fluorescence assay for measuring acetylcholinesterase activity in rat blood and a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). [Journal Article]
- Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme responsible for metabolism of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and inhibition of AChE can have therapeutic applications (e.g., drugs for Alzheimer's disease) or neurotoxic consequences (e.g., pesticides). A common absorbance-based AChE activity assay that uses 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) can have limited sensitivity and be prone to interf…
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- Ovariectomized mouse uterotrophic assay of 36 chemicals. [Journal Article]
- The concern over endocrine disruptors prompted international establishment of a strategic framework for the identification of the estrogenic compounds. OECD has launched the Conceptual Framework tool box containing various screening and testing methods including the uterotrophic assay. The (anti)estrogenicity of 36 chemicals suspected to be estrogen-receptor interactive by in silico and/or in vit…
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- Possible interaction of cholinergic and GABAergic systems between MS and CA1 upon memory acquisition in rats. [Journal Article]
- The present study explored the possibility that cholinergic and GABAergic systems of medial septum (MS) might influence acquisition of memory by regulation of acetylcholine (Ach) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors function in hippocampus and vice versa. The step-through passive avoidance (PA) task was used. The results showed that pre-training intra-MS/CA1 administration of nonselective mus…
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- Reliability of dissociation constants and resolution capability of SQUAD(84) and SPECFIT/32 in the regression of multiwavelength spectrophotometric pH-titration data. [Journal Article]Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2012 Feb; 86:305-14.SA
- The resolving power of multicomponent spectral analysis and the computation reliability of the stability constants and molar absorptivities determined for five variously protonated anions of physostigmine salicylate by the SQUAD(84) and SPECFIT/32 programs has been examined with the use of simulated and experimental spectra containing overlapping spectral bands. The reliability of the dissociatio…
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- Development and optimization of a sublingual tablet formulation for physostigmine salicylate. [Journal Article]
- This study is aimed to design and optimize a sublingual tablet formulation of physostigmine salicylate, an effective drug in Alzheimer's disease and nerve gas poisoning, by means of the D-optimal experimental design methodology. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone, lactose, starch 1500 and sodium starch glycolate were used in the formulations as independent variables. Tablets were prepared by the direct compre…
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- Subacute atropine toxicity in a pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps. [Case Reports]J Zoo Wildl Med. 2002 Mar; 33(1):66-72.JZ
- Atropine, an anticholinergic agent commonly used in human and veterinary medicine, is reported to cause toxicity associated with its antimuscarinic action. A juvenile pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps, was treated with atropine in an attempt to relieve symptoms similar to pyloric stenosis, as has been used in humans. Two doses of 0.01 mg/kg were given i.m., 12 hr apart, followed by three doses o…
- Use of ferric chloride to identify salicylate-containing poisons. [Journal Article]J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2002; 40(5):547-9.JT
- CONCLUSIONS: Salicylate-containing products may be identified using FeCl33. When using FeCl3
- Combined use of tertiary amine parasympathomimetics with a quaternary amine parasympatholitic--a new perspective to use parasympathomimetic drugs for systemic analgesia. [Journal Article]Pharmazie. 2002 Jul; 57(7):485-6.P
- The interactions on antinociception between a muscarinic agonist arecoline (arec), an anticholinesterase physostigmine (physo) which both cross CNS, and a peripherally acting antimuscarinic hyoscine-N-butyl bromide (hyo), were assessed by tail flick test in mice. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). While hyoscine-N-butyl bromide (0.15 and 4.00 mg/kg, i.p.) did not produce antino…
- Prophylaxis against organophosphate poisoning by sustained release of scopolamine and physostigmine. [Journal Article]J Appl Toxicol. 2001 Dec; 21 Suppl 1:S75-8.JA
- Protection efficacy of continuous prophylactic administration of physostigmine and scopolamine against sarin-induced toxicity was evaluated previously in guinea pigs. The present study in large animals used Beagle dogs, that serve as an animal model with cholinergic sensitivity similar to that of humans. Pretreatment with physostigmine salicylate and scopolamine hydrochloride at dose rates of 2.5…
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- [Anticholinergic syndrome after postoperative dimenhydrinate administration]. [Case Reports]
- Appearance of an anticholinergic syndrome after treatment with drugs in therapeutic dosages is seldom reported in the literature. Based on a case report, the development and course of an anticholinergic syndrome after treatment with dimenhydrinate are described. The drug was given due to different symptoms such as vertigo and vomiting after surgery. The anticholinergic syndrome could successfully…
- Physostigmine for Alzheimer's disease. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: The evidence of effectiveness of physostigmine for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease is limited. Even in a controlled release formulation designed to overcome the short half-life, physostigmine showed no convincing benefit and adverse effects remained common leading to a high rate of withdrawal.
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- A female with central anticholinergic syndrome responsive to neostigmine. [Case Reports]
- Central anticholinergic syndrome is a rarely observed condition in children. The occurrence of this syndrome after ingestion of Solanum pseudocapsicum is infrequent because findings tend to be milder and localized to the gastrointestinal system, without central nervous system involvement. Most patients do not present with diagnostic problems because their relatives can usually report any ingestio…
- Limited donepezil inhibition of acetylcholinesterase measured with positron emission tomography in living Alzheimer cerebral cortex. [Journal Article]
- Based on surrogate assays of peripheral red blood cells, reports state that widely prescribed doses of donepezil hydrochloride provide nearly complete inhibition of cerebral cortical acetylcholinesterase activity in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To test this, direct positron emission tomography measures of cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity were made in AD patients before and aft…
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- Extended-release physostigmine in Alzheimer disease: a multicenter, double-blind, 12-week study with dose enrichment. Physostigmine Study Group. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: Physostigmine demonstrated a statistically significant benefit compared with placebo on a clinical global rating of change and an objective test of cognitive function. Given the frequency of gastrointestinal side effects, the role of this agent in clinical use remains to be determined.
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- Liquid chromatographic analysis of physostigmine salicylate and its degradation products. [Journal Article]J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1999 Jan; 18(6):939-45.JP
- A simple stability-indicating HPLC assay has been developed for physostigmine salicylate, capable of following its degradation. A 250 x 5 mm i.d. column packed with 10 microm Bondapak C18 was used, with a mobile phase of acetonitrile - ammonium acetate (pH 6.0; 0.1 M) (50:50, v/v) and flow rate 1.2 ml x min(-1). All peaks are eluted in <10 min and the method has good precision. The optimum wavele…
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- Accidental ingestion of jimsonweed by an adolescent. [Case Reports]J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1998 Sep; 98(9):502-4.JA
- Ingestion of jimsonweed can result in hallucinations. Despite this side effect, the differential diagnosis of jimsonweed toxicity can be difficult, in part, because routine drug screens do not detect this agent. Such a delay in diagnosis not only postpones treatment but may also result in the patient's death. Treatment involves gastric lavage, followed by supportive care. Life-threatening cases e…
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- Treatment of acute anticholinergic poisoning with physostigmine. [Case Reports]
- Five cases of acute anticholinergic poisoning presenting to an inner-city emergency department (ED) are discussed. All five patients presented with classic signs and symptoms of anticholinergic toxicity, which included tachycardia, hot, dry and flushed skin, markedly dilated and fixed pupils, and pronounced delirium. The patients were violently agitated, and physical restraint was required. Initi…
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- Physostigmine increases aqueous humor production in human eyes. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: Repeated administrations of physostigmine increase the aqueous flow and outflow facility. The combined effect is a marked reduction of IOP.
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- Cholinergic modulation of cerebral cortical blood flow changes induced by trauma. [Journal Article]
- These experiments tested the role of cholinergic mechanisms in the changes of cerebral cortical blood flow (CBF) induced by brain trauma. CBF was measured with Iodo-14C-antipyrine autoradiography, in 128 cerebral cortex regions of both hemispheres, distributed in eight coronal slices. The effects of a 6.3-mm diameter craniotomy over the left motor-sensory cortex with no weight drop, and of trauma…
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- Latanoprost and physostigmine have mostly additive ocular hypotensive effects in human eyes. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: Latanoprost and physostigmine have a mainly additive ocular hypotensive effect. Thus, high doses of physostigmine did not abolish the eye pressure-lowering effect of latanoprost, but some interaction was seen at low intraocular pressures. It was concluded that any mechanical effect on the uveoscleral flow achieved with physostigmine is short-lasting compared with the effect obtained with latanoprost, and that latanoprost and miotics can be combined.
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- A multicenter double-blind study of controlled-release physostigmine for the treatment of symptoms secondary to Alzheimer's disease. Physostigmine Study Group. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated statistically significant differences between physostigmine and placebo on both a performance-based cognitive functioning instrument and a clinician's global evaluation. The magnitude of the effect size was small and occurred only in the subset of patients who responded in the initial dose titration study period. Nevertheless, the results suggest that in a subset of patients, physostigmine can induce a degree of cognitive improvement over 6 weeks of treatment.
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- The pontomesencephalic tegmentum delays the peak latency of the visual evoked potential in rats. [Journal Article]Neurosci Lett. 1995 Dec 29; 202(1-2):13-6.NL
- In previous experiments it was found that physostigmine application in unrestrained rats delayed the peak latency of the visual evoked potential (VEP). The present study was carried out to find the putative site that cholinergically mediates the latency delay of rat's VEP. After unilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) and the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleu…
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- Effects of morphine and physostigmine on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Because morphine diminishes the Sc and Sp of the chemoreflex loop to the same extent this depressant effect is presumably due to an action on the respiratory integrating centers rather than on the peripheral and central chemoreceptors as such and is not antagonized by physostigmine. We argue that the increase in B may be due to changes in the amount of acetylcholine available in the brain and can be antagonized by physostigmine.
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- Trial of oral physostigmine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- We evaluated a double-blind, placebo-controlled, and double-crossover trial of oral physostigmine salicylate for a 9-month period in 13 of 25 patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A large dropout rate of 48% was secondary to eight deaths and four exclusions attributed to the incapability to swallow the tablets (physostigmine) and capsules (lecithin) or to attend the clinic. …
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- Familial occurrence of narcolepsy in miniature horses. [Case Reports]
- In an investigation of 2 closely related Miniature Horses with a history of excessive sleepiness, depression and episodes of collapse, a diagnosis of narcolepsy was made on the basis of neurological examination and pharmacological testing. Further investigations included electroencephalographic examination (EEG), and analysis of protein content, cell count and monoamine metabolite concentrations …
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