- Cytomegalovirus Anterior Uveitis: Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Immunological Mechanisms. [Review]
- Little is known regarding anterior uveitis (AU), the most common ocular disease associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompetent populations. CMV AU is highly prevalent in Asia, with a higher incidence in men. Clinically, it manifests mainly as anterior chamber inflammation and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Acute CMV AU may resemble Posner-Schlossman syndrome with its rec…
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- Bilateral Thygeson's Superficial Punctate Keratitis with Dendritic Corneal Lesion: A Case Report. [Case Reports]
- Thygeson's superficial punctate keratitis (TSPK) is a recurrent bilateral corneal epithelial disease. Typically, small, multiple discrete epithelial lesions occur in the central cornea. However, dendritic corneal lesions are rare. Herein, we report a rare case of TSPK in both eyes after a unilateral dendritic corneal lesion. A 42-year-old woman presented with decreased vision and foreign body sen…
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- The Management of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN). [Review]
- The rise of primary topical monotherapy with chemotherapeutic drugs and immunomodulatory agents represents an increasing recognition of the medical management of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN), which may replace surgery as the standard of care in the future. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the best way to manage OSSN with no existing guidelines to date. This paper seeks to ev…
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- The use of antivirals in the treatment of human monkeypox outbreaks: a systematic review. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: Tecovirimat is the most used and has proven beneficial in several aggravating cases. No major safety concerns were detected upon its use. Topical trifluridine was used as an adjuvant treatment option along with tecovirimat. BCV and cidofovir were seldom used, with the latter often being used due to the unavailability of tecovirimat. BCV was associated with treatment discontinuation due to adverse events.
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- Commentary: Topical interferon: A novel approach to uveitic macula edema. [Comment]
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- Corneal Complications after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systemic Review. [Review]
- Multiple vaccines are now being used across the world, and several studies have described cases of corneal graft rejection following the administration of the COVID-19 vaccine. The purpose of this article is to review the corneal adverse event that occurred following COVID-19 vaccine administration. The literature search was conducted in March 2022 using MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Database…
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- Herpes simplex keratitis following Smart Pulse Technology assisted transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy: a case report. [Case Reports]
- CONCLUSIONS: Herpes simplex keratitis is a rare but sight-threatening complication following refractive surgery. For the ocular irritation symptoms of postoperative patients, we should consider the possibility of HSK and give timely treatment.
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- Viral Infection and Antiviral Treatments in Ocular Pathologies. [Review]
- Ocular viral infections are common and widespread globally. These infectious diseases are a major cause of acute red eyes and vision loss. The eye and its nearby tissues can be infected by several viral agents, causing infections with a short course and limited ocular implications or a long clinical progression and serious consequences for the function and structure of the ocular region. Several …
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- Ocular Monkeypox - United States, July-September 2022. [Journal Article]
- As of October 11, 2022, a total of 26,577 monkeypox cases had been reported in the United States.* Although most cases of monkeypox are self-limited, lesions that involve anatomically vulnerable sites can cause complications. Ocular monkeypox can occur when Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is introduced into the eye (e.g., from autoinoculation), potentially causing conjunctivitis, blepharitis, keratitis, a…
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- Impact of the use of anti-glaucoma medications on the risk of herpetic keratitis recurrence. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: There is no association between the use of topical ocular hypotensive therapies and HSV/HZV keratitis recurrence. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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- In vitro activity of cysteamine against SARS-CoV-2 variants. [Journal Article]
- Global COVID-19 pandemic is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Continuous emergence of new variants and their rapid spread are jeopardizing vaccine countermeasures to a significant extent. While currently available vaccines are effective at preventing illness associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, these have been shown to be less effective at pre…
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- Topical pharmacotherapy for ocular surface squamous neoplasia: systematic review and meta-analysis. [Meta-Analysis]
- Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) has different treatment modalities. Although surgical excision has been the gold standard therapeutic option, topical pharmacotherapy agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), interferon alfa-2b (IFN) and mitomycin-C (MMC) are also commonly used. The protocol was registered (CRD42021224961). Comprehensive literature research was carried out to compare topical …
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- Orbital Apex Syndrome: a rare complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus in a Ghanaian woman living with HIV. [Case Reports]
- Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) usually affects the immunocompromised and aged. It results from the reactivation of latent varicella zoster infection in the trigeminal ganglia. Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is a rare sequela of the disease and tends to be disfiguring and vision-threatening if not addressed. We report on a 43-year-old Ghanaian female living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infecti…
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- Intensive topical interferon therapy in uveitic macular edema. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Intensive topical IFN therapy can be an alternative therapeutic option in the treatment of UME. Study of intraocular penetration, combination with other drugs, and the efficacy of IFN separately for different uveitic entities may explore new avenues in treatment of UME.
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- [Two cases of herpes simplex keratitis after trans-epithelial photorefractive keratectomy]. [Case Reports]Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Jun 11; 58(6):448-452.ZY
- We herein report 2 cases of herpes simplex keratitis after trans-epithelial photorefractive keratectomy. Patients' medical histories, symptoms, signs, clinical examination results, diagnosis and treatment were showed in detail. Following precision diagnosis and medical intervention, including topical and systemic antiviral treatmented for 1 to 2 weeks. The two patients were cured with full reepit…
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- Comparative Efficacy of Topical Ophthalmic Ganciclovir and Oral Famciclovir in Cats with Experimental Ocular Feline Herpesvirus-1 Epithelial Infection. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- Purpose: To determine the comparative efficacy of ganciclovir ophthalmic gel and famciclovir oral tablets in cats with experimentally induced ocular feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) epithelial infection. Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed using 16 nonvaccinated, specific pathogen-free cats with experimental FHV-1 infection induced by topical ocular inoculation. Cats receive…
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- A Case Report of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus and Meningitis After COVID-19 Vaccination. [Case Reports]
- There are several reports that herpes zoster characterized by reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines can occur. Herein, we report VZV meningitis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO), and late neurotrophic keratitis after receiving a second dose of messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine. A 74-year-old man developed a vesicular skin rash on t…
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- StatPearls: Herpes Simplex Ophthalmicus [BOOK]StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island (FL)BOOK
- Herpes simplex ophthalmicus (HSO) is caused by the neurotropic herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 and affects all the structures of the eye. Primary infection occurs in the form of blepharoconjunctivitis both in neonates through birth canal transmission and in children through orofacial mucus membrane transmission. Primary infection is often self-limiting, and the virus ascends through the cu…
- Long-Acting Protective Ocular Surface by Instilling Adhesive Dual-Antiviral Nanoparticles. [Journal Article]
- The eye is susceptible to viral infections, causing severe ocular symptoms or even respiratory diseases. Methods capable of protecting the eye from external viral invasion in a long-term and highly effective way are urgently needed but have been proved to be extremely challenging. Here, a strategy of forming a long-acting protective ocular surface is described by instilling adhesive dual-antivira…
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- Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of ophthalmologists about adenoviral conjunctivitis transmission and treatment : An online survey for Turkish ophthalmologists. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this survey showed that most Turkish ophthalmologists generally follow international guidelines for the treatment of adenoviral conjunctivitis. The treatment algorithm is still controversial, so ophthalmologists should be aware of treatment guideline updates in line with evidence-based recommendations. Having sufficient knowledge of the basic characteristics of viruses is important to control the spread of the disease.
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- Metastatic conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma: a study of 5 patients. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Metastatic disease in cSCC is rare and risk factors for metastasis include smoking, thicker tumors, orbital tumor extension, and poor tumor differentiation. mcSCC is associated with high mortality.
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- Manifestation of Herpetic Eye Disease after COVID-19 Vaccine: A UK Case Series. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Our case series highlights the potential temporal association between HED and COVID-19 vaccine. Prophylactic antiviral treatment is recommended in patients with a history of HED prior to COVID-19 vaccination.
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- Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Anterior Uveitis following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination in an Asian Indian Female. [Case Reports]
- CONCLUSIONS: This report demonstrates a potential association of HSV 1 anterior uveitis with COVID-19 vaccination. A high index of suspicion of viral etiology is warranted when uveitis presents with reduced corneal sensations and pigmented keratic precipitates, following a recent history of COVID-19 vaccination.
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- Stromal and endothelial herpes simplex virus keratitis reactivation in the convalescent period of COVID-19 - A case report. [Case Reports]
- A 73-year-old lady presented with a white spot and redness in the left eye for 1 month and had been treated elsewhere as a case of fungal keratitis. She had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral infection 2 months before. Her past ocular history and examination gave a probable diagnosis of herpetic stromal and endothelial keratitis. She responded to oral acyclovir and…
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- Safety, efficacy and delivery of multiple nucleoside analogs via drug encapsulated carbon (DECON) based sustained drug release platform. [Journal Article]
- Acyclovir and similar nucleoside analogs form an essential frontline treatment for various herpesvirus infections of the eye. However, these drugs have low ocular retention when delivered topically and need to be administered several times every day. We have previously demonstrated that acyclovir loaded into activated carbon can be used to significantly decrease dosage frequency in a murine model…
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- Amniotic Membrane Grafting for Ocular Surface Inflammation Following Topical Interferon Alpha 2b Therapy. [Case Reports]J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2022 03; 42(3):137-139.JI
- We describe a rare case of a 58-year-old female with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in her left eye. She was treated for 12 months with topical interferon alpha-2b (IFNα-2b) eye drops and OSSN resolved completely. She presented with a whitish elevated lesion involving the cornea, limbus, and conjunctival surface after discontinuation of topical IFNα-2b. Excision biopsy along with amniot…
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- Outcomes and prognostic factors of cataract surgery in cytomegalovirus-related anterior uveitis. [Journal Article]J Cataract Refract Surg. 2022 09 01; 48(9):1031-1036.JC
- CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgery in eyes with CMV anterior uveitis was safe and CDVA significantly improved and remained sustained postoperatively. Topical ganciclovir 0.15% preoperatively and intracameral corticosteroid intraoperatively seem to maximize the final visual outcome.
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- Topical pharmacologic interventions versus placebo for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: The evidence for the seven specified outcomes was of low or very low certainty due to imprecision and high risk of bias. The evidence that antiviral agents shorten the duration of symptoms or signs when compared with artificial tears was inconclusive. Low certainty evidence suggests that PVP-I alone resolves signs and symptoms by seven days relative to artificial tears. PVP-I or PVA-I, alone or with steroid, is associated with lower risks of SEI development than artificial tears or steroid (very low certainty evidence). The currently available evidence is insufficient to determine whether any of the evaluated interventions confers an advantage over steroids or artificial tears with respect to virus eradication or its spread to initially uninvolved fellow eyes. Future updates of this review should provide evidence of high-level certainty from trials with larger sample sizes, enrollment of participants with similar durations of signs and symptoms, and validated methods to assess short- and long-term outcomes.
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- Topical TMPRSS2 inhibition prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in differentiated human airway cultures. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: These experiments demonstrate a potential therapeutic role for topical camostat for pre- or post-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2, which can now be evaluated in a clinical trial.
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- Acute retinal necrosis: time to consider double dose of Foscarnet in the first 72 hours. [Case Reports]
- Purpose: To report a case of acute retinal necrosis (ARN) and to emphasize special aspects of the management. Factors that must be considered. Methods: We present the case of an 83-year-old woman examined for acute vision loss in her left eye (LE). Background: diabetes, pseudophakic in her LE; subluxated intraocular lens (IOL) and advanced pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in her right eye (RE). The vis…
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