- Incidence and risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting in lung cancer patients following lobectomy and application of analgesic pumps. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Female and male patients have different risk factors for PONV following lobectomy for lung cancer and application of analgesic pumps.
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- Antiemetics for adults for prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy: a network meta-analysis. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: This field of supportive cancer care is very well researched. However, new drugs or drug combinations are continuously emerging and need to be systematically researched and assessed. For people receiving HEC, synthesised evidence does not suggest one superior treatment for prevention and control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. For people receiving MEC, synthesised evidence does not suggest superiority for treatments including both NK₁ and 5-HT₃ inhibitors when compared to treatments including 5-HT₃ inhibitors only. Rather, the results of our NMA suggest that the choice of 5-HT₃ inhibitor may have an impact on treatment efficacy in preventing CINV. When interpreting the results of this systematic review, it is important for the reader to understand that NMAs are no substitute for direct head-to-head comparisons, and that results of our NMA do not necessarily rule out differences that could be clinically relevant for some individuals.
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- Synthesis and Development of Indole Based 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists as Anti-Emetic Drugs in Oncology: An Update. [Journal Article]
- An important group of antiemetic drugs used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy containing an indole moiety in their structures, working as 5- hydroxytryptamine type 3 serotonin receptor antagonist (5-HT3). This study focuses on compounds bearing an indole core that present a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist activity, which have been successfully used as antiemetic drugs for reduc…
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- In Vitro Inhibition of Renal OCT2 and MATE1 Secretion by Antiemetic Drugs. [Journal Article]
- The organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) mediate the renal secretion of drugs. Recent studies suggest that ondansetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist drug used to prevent nausea and vomiting, can inhibit OCT2- and MATE1-mediated transport. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of five 5-HT3 antagonist drugs to inhibit the OCT2 and MATE1 transpor…
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- Palonosetron for Patients Undergoing High or Moderate Emetogenic Chemotherapy [BOOK]Palonosetron for Patients Undergoing High or Moderate Emetogenic Chemotherapy. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health: Ottawa (ON)BOOK
- Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is 1 of the most debilitating side effects of cancer therapy, affecting up to 80% of chemotherapy patients.1 Chemotherapy drugs are classified according to the associated risk of causing CINV: minimal (less than 10%), low (10% to 30%), moderate (30% to 90%), and high (greater than 90%).2 High emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) drugs include a high dose o…
- Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed): Dolasetron [BOOK]Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). National Library of Medicine (US): Bethesda (MD)BOOK
- Little information is available on the use of dolasetron during breastfeeding. Until more data become available, dolasetron should be used with caution during breastfeeding. An alternate drug may be preferred.
- Evaluation of Antiemetic Therapy for Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy with Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Aprepitant, dolasetron plus dexamethasone is more effective to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with FOLFOX-HAIC therapy than dolasetron plus dexamethasone.
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- Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta-analysis. [Meta-Analysis]
- CONCLUSIONS: We found high-certainty evidence that five single drugs (aprepitant, ramosetron, granisetron, dexamethasone, and ondansetron) reduce vomiting, and moderate-certainty evidence that two other single drugs (fosaprepitant and droperidol) probably reduce vomiting, compared to placebo. Four of the six substance classes (5-HT₃ receptor antagonists, D₂ receptor antagonists, NK₁ receptor antagonists, and corticosteroids) were thus represented by at least one drug with important benefit for prevention of vomiting. Combinations of drugs were generally more effective than the corresponding single drugs in preventing vomiting. NK₁ receptor antagonists were the most effective drug class and had comparable efficacy to most of the drug combinations. 5-HT₃ receptor antagonists were the best studied substance class. For most of the single drugs of direct interest, we found only very low to low certainty evidence for safety outcomes such as occurrence of SAEs, any AE, and substance class-specific side effects. Recommended and high doses of granisetron, dexamethasone, ondansetron, and droperidol were more effective than low doses for prevention of vomiting. Dose dependency of side effects was rarely found due to the limited number of studies, except for the less sedating effect of recommended and high doses of ondansetron. The results of the review are transferable mainly to patients at higher risk of nausea and vomiting (i.e. healthy women undergoing inhalational anaesthesia and receiving perioperative opioids). Overall study quality was limited, but certainty assessments of effect estimates consider this limitation. No further efficacy studies are needed as there is evidence of moderate to high certainty for seven single drugs with relevant benefit for prevention of vomiting. However, additional studies are needed to investigate potential side effects of these drugs and to examine higher-risk patient populations (e.g. individuals with diabetes and heart disease).
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- The Binding of Palonosetron and Other Antiemetic Drugs to the Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor. [Journal Article]
- Inaccurately perceived as niche drugs, antiemetics are key elements of cancer treatment alleviating the most dreaded side effect of chemotherapy. Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are the most commonly prescribed class of drugs to control chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. These antagonists have been clinically successful drugs since the 1980s, yet our understanding of how they operate …
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- A narrative review of tropisetron and palonosetron for the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [Review]
- Review the clinical evidence of tropisetron or palonosetron, an old- and new-generation serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist (RA), respectively, for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with cancer, and evaluate any difference in efficacy trends. A literature search of the EMBASE and PubMed databases was performed to identify …
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- Evaluation of the Effect of 5 QT-Positive Drugs on the JTpeak Interval - An Analysis of ECGs From the IQ-CSRC Study. [Clinical Trial]
- The JTpeak interval has been proposed as a new biomarker to demonstrate mixed ion channel effects, potentially leading to reduced late-stage electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring for mildly QT-prolonging drugs. ECG waveforms from the IQ-CSRC study were used. Twenty healthy subjects were enrolled with 6 subjects on placebo and 9 subjects on each of 5 mildly QT-prolonging drugs - moxifloxacin, dofetil…
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- Exposure-response analysis of drug-induced QT interval prolongation in telemetered monkeys for translational prediction to human. [Journal Article]
- The preclinical in vivo assay for QT prolongation is critical for predicting torsadogenic risk, but still difficult to extrapolate to humans. This study ran preclinical tests in cynomolgus monkeys on seven QT reference drugs containing the drugs used in the IQ-CSRC clinical trial and applied exposure-response (ER) analysis to the data to investigate the potential for translational information on …
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- Challenges in implementing and obtaining acceptance for J-Tpeak assessment as the clinical component of CiPA. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: In this limited analysis performed on the IQ-CSRC study waveforms using FDA's automated algorithm, J-Tpeak prolongation was observed on moxifloxacin, but not on dolasetron, despite clinical observations of proarrhythmias with both drugs. Challenges for the implementation of the J-Tpeak interval as a replacement or complement to the QTc interval, include to demonstrate that the proposed clinical algorithm using a J-Tpeak threshold of 10 ms, can be used to categorize drugs with a QT effect up to ~20 ms as having low pro-arrhythmic risk.
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- Preliminary pharmacokinetics of intravenous and subcutaneous dolasetron and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous dolasetron in healthy cats. [Journal Article]J Feline Med Surg. 2018 08; 20(8):721-727.JF
- Objectives The objectives were to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) dolasetron and the pharmacodynamics (PD) of SC dolasetron in healthy cats. Methods Five cats with unremarkable complete blood count, serum biochemistry and urinalyses were utilized. In the PK study, cats received 0.8 mg/kg SC and IV dolasetron in a crossover format. Serum samples were ob…
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- WITHDRAWN: Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: Either nausea or vomiting is reported to affect, at most, 80 out of 100 people after surgery. If all 100 of these people are given one of the listed drugs, about 28 would benefit and 72 would not. Nausea and vomiting are usually less common and, therefore, drugs are less useful. For 100 people, of whom 30 would vomit or feel sick after surgery if given placebo, 10 people would benefit from a drug and 90 would not. Between one to five patients out of every 100 people may experience a mild side effect, such as sedation or headache, when given an antiemetic drug. Collaborative research should focus on determining whether antiemetic drugs cause more severe, probably rare, side effects. Further comparison of the antiemetic effect of one drug versus another is not a research priority.
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- Compatibility of dexamethasone sodium phosphate with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in infusion solutions: a comprehensive study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: All the admixtures of DSP and the 5-HT3RAs studied were compatible and stable for at least 48 hours in a 5% glucose injection or a 0.9% NaCl injection stored in non-PVC infusion bags under ambient conditions.
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- Current and prospective sights in mechanism of deoxynivalenol-induced emesis for future scientific study and clinical treatment. [Review]
- Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of trichothecene mycotoxins produced by the fungus Fusarium, is commonly detected in cereal foods and in secondary food production across the world. Lower concentrations of DON induce a dose-related feed refusal (anorexia), whereas it acts as a potent emetic agent at higher levels. DON-induced emesis in humans and livestock can be observed and recorded in both undevelope…
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- Comparative safety and effectiveness of serotonin receptor antagonists in patients undergoing chemotherapy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: Most 5-HT3 receptor antagonists were relatively safe when compared with each other, yet none of the studies compared active treatment with placebo for harms. However, dolasetron + dexamethasone may prolong the QTc compared to ondansetron + dexamethasone. All agents were effective for reducing risk of nausea, vomiting, and chemotherapy-induced nausea or vomiting.
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- CdS nanocrystals as fluorescent probe for detection of dolasetron mesylate in aqueous solution: Application to biomedical analysis. [Journal Article]
- A simple and straightforward method for the determination of dolasetron mesylate (DM) in aqueous solution was developed based on the fluorescence quenching of 3-Mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) capped CdS quantum dots (QDs). The structure, morphology, and optical properties of synthesized QDs were characterized by using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron …
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- Percutaneous vertebroplasty under local anaesthesia: feasibility regarding patients' experience. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is feasible under local anaesthesia alone, with a very good or good experience in 76 % of the patients.
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- Local-anesthetic like inhibition of the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 α-subunit by 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. [Journal Article]
- 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor (5-HT3 receptor) antagonists are administered for prevention and therapy of nausea and vomiting. Although regarded as safe therapeutics, they can also provoke arrhythmias by prolonging the QRS interval. However, the mechanisms mediating this cardiotoxicity are poorly understood. Here we investigated effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists on the cardiac Na(+) channel …
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- Erratum: Reappraisal of the role of dolasetron in prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with surgery or chemotherapy [Erratum]. [Published Erratum]
- [This corrects the article on p. 67 in vol. 4, PMID: 22427733.].
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- Can Bias Evaluation Provide Protection Against False-Negative Results in QT Studies Without a Positive Control Using Exposure-Response Analysis? [Journal Article]
- The revised ICH E14 document allows the use of exposure-response analysis to exclude a small QT effect of a drug. If plasma concentrations exceeding clinically relevant levels is achieved, a positive control is not required. In cases when this cannot be achieved, there may be a need for metrics to protect against false-negative results. The objectives of this study were to create bias in electroc…
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- Efficacy, safety and effectiveness of ondansetron compared to other serotonin-3 receptor antagonists (5-HT3RAs) used to control chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: systematic review and meta-analysis. [Review]
- Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are adverse effects responsible for worsening quality of life in cancer patients. To assess the efficacy, safety and effectiveness of serotonin receptor antagonist in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, comparing ondansetron with granisetron, dolasetron, tropisetron and palonosetron.
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- Safety of an Oral Fixed Combination of Netupitant and Palonosetron (NEPA): Pooled Data From the Phase II/III Clinical Program. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: NEPA was well-tolerated, with an AE profile as expected for the regimen. Sample size, demographic characteristics, study design, chemotherapy, and antiemetic regimen differences across the four studies may have contributed to differences in frequencies of neutropenia and alopecia. Adding an NK1RA to a CINV prophylaxis regimen can improve outcomes without additional toxicity.
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- The prospective IQ-CSRC trial: A prototype early clinical proarrhythmia assessment investigation for replacing the ICH E14 thorough QTc (TQT) study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The positive results obtained with the IQ-CSRC study require additional confirmation with threshold QTc-positive and negative drugs and established QTc prolongers producing both increases and decreases in heart rate. In the future, similar studies should also adopt and validate innovative proarrhythmic metrics, in addition to, or instead of, the traditional proarrhythmic surrogate of QTc, to assess the proarrhythmic safety of candidate drugs.
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- The modulation of carbonyl reductase 1 by polyphenols. [Review]
- Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1), an enzyme belonging to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases family, has been detected in all human tissues. CBR1 catalyzes the reduction of many xenobiotics, including important drugs (e.g. anthracyclines, nabumetone, bupropion, dolasetron) and harmful carbonyls and quinones. Moreover, it participates in the metabolism of a number of endogenous compounds and it m…
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- Implications of the IQ-CSRC Prospective Study: Time to Revise ICH E14. [Journal Article]
- Exposure-response (ER) analysis has evolved as an important tool to evaluate the effect of a drug on cardiac repolarization, as reflected in the QTc interval. It has been suggested that careful electrocardiogram (ECG) evaluation in 'first-in-human' studies using ER analysis could replace or serve as an alternative to the E14 'thorough QT' study. This commentary shares and discusses the results of…
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- Hepatopathy following consumption of a commercially available blue-green algae dietary supplement in a dog. [Case Reports]
- CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of microcystin intoxication in a dog after using a commercially available blue-green algae dietary supplement. Veterinarians should recognize the potential harm that these supplements may cause and know that with intervention, recovery is possible. In addition, more prudent oversight of dietary supplement use is recommended for our companion animals to prevent adverse events/intoxications.
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- Comparative safety of serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists in patients undergoing surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: Granisetron plus dexamethasone increases the risk of arrhythmia.
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