Cardiovascular Stents are commonly used for the treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) that in developed societies, are the most frequent causes of mortality and morbidity. Recent years, thorough research and development of Drug Eluting Stents (DES) has been done, with emphasis on coronary stenting to avoid the most common complication, the in-stent thrombosis. Dipyridamole (DPM) is a medication that inhibits blood clot formation. Drug Delivery Nanoplatforms consisting of biodegradable polymers can be fabricated via Electrospinning Deposition, known for its cost-effective and versatile advantages, that produces fibrous scaffolds able of sustainable and controllable drug release. A novel Drug Delivery Nanosystem of Polylactic acid (PLA) fibrous scaffold loaded with the antiplatelet drug Dipyridamole was fabricated by electrospinning as coating for Cardiovascular Stents. The surface morphology and topography were evaluated via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical Microscopy, that was found good and suitable for Tissue Engineering. Drug release kinetics and Degradation Studies were conducted and revealed a sustained and controllable release of Dipyridamole, through this fibrous matrix along with time. Finally, cytotoxicity studies were conducted to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the scaffold that confirmed its compatible behavior. The successful performance of this nanoplatform can lead to be a valuable tool towards atherosclerosis treatment.

The analytical performance of the multi enzymes loaded single electrode sensor (SES) and dual electrode sensor (DES) was compared for the detection of adenosine and metabolites. The SES was fabricated by covalent binding of tri-enzymes, adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and xanthine oxidase (XO) along with hydrazine (Hyd) onto a functionalized conducting polymer [2,2:5,2-terthiophene-3-(p-benzoic acid)] (pTTBA). The enzyme reaction electrode in DES was fabricated by covalent binding of ADA and PNP onto pTTBA coated on Au nanoparticles. The detection electrode in DES was constructed by covalent binding of XO and Hyd onto pTTBA coated on porous Au. Due to the higher amount (3.5 folds) of the immobilized enzymes and Hyd onto the DES than SES, and the lower Michaelis constant (Km) value for DES (28.7 µM) compared to SES (36.1 µM), the sensitivity was significantly enhanced for the DES (8.2 folds). The dynamic range obtained using DES was from 0.5 nM to 120.0 µM with a detection limit of 1.43 nM ± 0.02, 0.76 nM ± 0.02, and 0.48 nM ± 0.01, for adenosine (AD), inosine (IN), and hypoxanthine (Hypo) respectively. Further, the DES was coupled with an electrochemical potential modulated microchannel for the separation and simultaneous detection of AD, IN, and Hypo in an extracellular matrix of cancerous (A549) and non-cancerous (Vero) cells. The sensor probe confirms a higher basal level of extracellular AD and its metabolites in cancer cells compared to normal cells. In addition, the effect of dipyridamole on released adenosine in A549 cells was investigated.