- Gain-of-function variants in the ion channel gene TRPM3 underlie a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders. [Journal Article]
- TRPM3 is a temperature- and neurosteroid-sensitive plasma membrane cation channel expressed in a variety of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Recently, rare de novo variants in TRPM3 were identified in individuals with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, but the link between TRPM3 activity and neuronal disease remains poorly understood. We previously reported that two disease-associated va…
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- PaxlovidTM Information From FDA and Guidance for AES Members. [Journal Article]
- This American Epilepsy Society (AES) official statement provides information and preliminary guidance to Society members related to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) December 22, 2021 Emergency Use Authorization for Paxlovid™ for the oral treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults and children (≥12 years and weighing ≥40 kg). Paxlovid is likely to be widely prescribed, and important…
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- StatPearls: Barbiturates [BOOK]StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island (FL)BOOK
- Barbiturates are a group of sedative-hypnotic medications used for the treatment of seizure disorder, neonatal withdrawal, insomnia, preoperative anxiety, induction of coma for increased intracranial pressure. They are also useful for inducing anesthesia. This activity outlines the indications, mechanism of action, safe administration, adverse effects, contraindications, toxicology, and monitorin…
- Isolated slow orthostatic tremor of the trunk. [Letter]
- Slow orthostatic tremor is an extremely rare movement disorder with relatively low-frequency tremor (< 13 Hz) in the legs and trunk, which is evoked by standing. There is still much controversy regarding its precise etiology. Here we present a 57 year-old female patient with a slow orthostatic tremor variant who experienced progressive gait disturbances since six years due to isolated trunk tremo…
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- The Hidden Burden of Disease and Treatment Experiences of Patients with Essential Tremor: A Retrospective Claims Data Analysis. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed that 1 million people were diagnosed and sought treatment for ET in the USA from 2015 to 2019. Projected population estimates of approximately 2 million people diagnosed suggest a further 1 million remain untreated. Our findings highlight the complexity of patient care in ET, complicated by delayed diagnoses, multiple comorbidities, and lack of effective and tolerable therapies that can mitigate treatment adherence limitations.
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- Prospective, longitudinal analysis of medication use in a cohort of elderly essential tremor cases. [Journal Article]J Neurol Sci. 2022 Nov 15; 442:120387.JN
- CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective, longitudinal study, use vs. nonuse and daily dosage of both primidone and propranolol fluctuated across time for a sizable proportion of ET cases. Even among elders with chronic, longstanding ET, there is considerable ongoing medication adjustment, underscoring the need to improve the medication situation for ET patients.
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- Prioritization based on risk assessment to study the bioconcentration and biotransformation of pharmaceuticals in glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) from the Adour estuary (Basque Country, France). [Journal Article]Environ Pollut. 2022 Oct 15; 311:120016.EP
- The presence of contaminants of emerging concern in the aquatic environment directly impacts water-living organisms and can alter their living functions. These compounds are often metabolized and excreted, but they can also be accumulated and spread through the food chain. The metabolized contaminants can also lead to the formation of new compounds with unknown toxicity and bioaccumulation potent…
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- An LC-ESI-MS/MS assay for the therapeutic drug monitoring of 15 antiseizure medications in plasma of children with epilepsy. [Journal Article]
- Oral antiseizure medications are the preferred option for the clinical treatment of epilepsy. Therapeutic drug monitoring has become an important means of achieving individualized treatment of epilepsy. A sensitive, accurate and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 15 antiseizure medications in human plasma (carbamazepine, gabapentin, pregaba…
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- Transcriptomic effects of propranolol and primidone converge on molecular pathways relevant to essential tremor. [Journal Article]
- Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders, affecting nearly 5% of individuals over 65 years old. Despite this, few genetic risk loci for ET have been identified. Recent advances in pharmacogenomics have previously been useful to identify disease related molecular targets. Notably, gene expression has proven to be quite successful for the inference of drug response in cell…
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- Clinically Relevant Interactions Between Ritonavir-Boosted Nirmatrelvir and Concomitant Antiseizure Medications: Implications for the Management of COVID-19 in Patients with Epilepsy. [Review]
- Ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (RBN) has been authorized recently in several countries as an orally active anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatment for patients at high risk of progressing to severe COVID-19 disease. Nirmatrelvir is the active component against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, whereas ritonavir, a potent CYP3A inhibitor, is intended to boost the activity of nirmatrelvir by increasing its concentration in …
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- StatPearls: Primidone [BOOK]StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island (FL)BOOK
- Primidone is an aromatic anticonvulsant used to treat complex, partial, and generalized seizures. This activity reviews the indications, contraindications, activity, adverse events, and other key elements of primidone in the clinical setting related to the essential points needed by members of an interprofessional team managing the care of patients with epilepsy.
- Antiseizure Drugs and Movement Disorders. [Review]
- The relationship between antiseizure drugs and movement disorders is complex and not adequately reviewed so far. Antiseizure drugs as a treatment for tremor and other entities such as myoclonus and restless leg syndrome is the most common scenario, although the scientific evidence supporting their use is variable. However, antiseizure drugs also represent a potential cause of iatrogenic movement …
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- StatPearls: Barbiturate Toxicity [BOOK]StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island (FL)BOOK
- Barbiturates are a class of sedative-hypnotic drugs. They are commonly used as antiepileptics (phenobarbital) and for the induction of general anesthesia (thiopental). Some states administer barbiturates for physician-assisted suicide/euthanasia and use them for capital punishment by lethal injection. Their use in clinical practice has largely been replaced by benzodiazepines such as alprazolam, …
- Reduction of neuronal hyperexcitability with modulation of T-type calcium channel or SK channel in essential tremor. [Review]
- Essential tremor is one of the most prevalent movement disorders. Propranolol and primidone are the first-line pharmacological therapies. They provide symptomatic control in less than 50% of patients. Topiramate, alprazolam, clonazepam, gabapentin, and botulinum toxin injections are the next line of treatments. These medications lead to modest improvements and are therefore commonly used as add-o…
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- Enhancing GABA inhibition is the next generation of medications for essential tremor. [Journal Article]
- γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most prevalent inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter. Activating GABA-A receptors hyperpolarizes cells via Cl- influx, which inhibits action potentials. Although the exact pathophysiologies of tremor are incompletely understood, proposed neuroanatomy extensively implicates GABA pathways. Pathological studies and imaging studies also show GABA abnormalities in patients …
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- In-situ chemical attenuation of pharmaceutically active compounds using CaO2: Influencing factors, mechanistic modeling, and cooperative inactivation of water-borne microbial pathogens. [Journal Article]Environ Res. 2022 09; 212(Pt D):113531.ER
- Water polluted by pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and water-borne pathogens urgently need to develop eco-friendly and advanced water treatment techniques. This paper evaluates the potential of using calcium peroxide (CaO2), a safe and biocompatible oxidant both PhACs (thiamphenicol, florfenicol, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and primidone) and pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus…
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- [Essential Tremor That is Difficult to Improve with Standard Medical Treatment-Suppression: Excluding Surgical Treatment]. [Journal Article]Brain Nerve. 2022 May; 74(5):637-644.BN
- For essential tremors that are refractory to standard medical treatment, surgical treatment is considered when there is obstruction in activities of daily living. However, there are patients who do not wish to undergo or are contraindicated for surgical treatment. In this paper, we explored what is considered to be the standard medical treatment and when surgery cannot be performed. In Japan, med…
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- Antiepileptic Drugs and Their Dual Mechanism of Action on Carbonic Anhydrase. [Journal Article]
- (1) Background: The benefit of using inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (CA), such as acetazolamide, in the treatment of epilepsy has previously been described. (2) Methods: In this paper, the effect on CA of the most well-known antiepileptic drugs was studied in vitro and in vivo. The effects, after chronic treatment, of carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproate, primidone, clonazepam, and ethosuximide …
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- Septic system-groundwater-surface water couplings in waterfront communities contribute to harmful algal blooms in Southwest Florida. [Journal Article]Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 01; 837:155319.ST
- As human population growth has expanded in Southwest Florida, water quality has become degraded with an increased occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Red tide (Karenia brevis) originating offshore, intensifies in nearshore waters along Florida's Gulf Coast, and blue-green algae (Microcystis spp.) originating in Lake Okeechobee is discharged into the Caloosahatchee River. These HABs could b…
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- Stroke and Ischemic Heart Disease With Enzyme-inducing Antiseizure Medications: Time to Change Prescribing Habits. [Journal Article]
- Importance: Enzyme-inducing antiseizure medications (eiASMs) have been hypothesized to be associated with long-term risks of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To quantify and model the putative hazard of cardiovascular disease secondary to eiASM use. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study covered January 1990 to March 2019 (median [IQR] follow-up, 9 [4-15], years). The study linked…
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- Concentrations of antiseizure medications in breast milk of lactating women with epilepsy: A systematic review with qualitative synthesis. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: Concentrations of ASMs can be detected in breastmilk of WWE and plasma/serum of infants exposed via breastmilk. Healthcare providers and WWE might use the findings of this study to make informed decisions on the safety of breastfeeding while taking ASMs.
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- Treatment Patterns in Essential Tremor: A Retrospective Analysis. [Journal Article]
- Although first line therapies for essential tremor have been identified from small clinical trials, responses are variable. We conducted a survey of tremor management in a large sample of ET cases.
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- Upregulation of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member-3 in bladder afferents is involved in chronic pain in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. [Journal Article]
- The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member-3 (TRPM3) channel is a recently recognized noxious heat sensor that is involved in inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia. To examine its involvement in the development of hyperalgesia in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS), rats with cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced chronic cystitis were used as a model of IC/PBS. Me…
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- Simultaneous Quantification of 11 Antiseizure Medications and Metabolites in Serum for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection: A Short Communication. [Journal Article]Ther Drug Monit. 2022 04 01; 44(2):345-350.TD
- CONCLUSIONS: The authors developed an HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous quantification of 11 ASMs in the human serum and demonstrated its practical applicability in TDM. The method requires only standard laboratory equipment and simple sample preparation, making TDM available in less specialized laboratories.
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- Comprehensive assessment of chemical residues in surface and wastewater using passive sampling, chemical, biological, and fish behavioral assays. [Journal Article]Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jul 01; 828:154176.ST
- Effluents from ten full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that discharge into the Hudson River, surface waters, and wild-caught fish samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to examine the influence of wastewater discharge on the concentrations of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and their ecological impacts on fish. Analy…
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- Acute elevation of liver function test values following concomitant administration of dabigatran and primidone. [Case Reports]Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022 07 22; 79(15):1250-1254.AJ
- CONCLUSIONS: Studies have indicated a potential for reduced dabigatran efficacy with concurrent use of primidone due to P-glycoprotein induction, thereby potentiating the risk for thrombosis. To date, reports of this interaction resulting in hepatic injury are lacking. The present case suggests that this interaction may be clinically significant with regard to selection of antithrombotic medication therapy in patients on primidone therapy.
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- Surrogate-based follow-up of activated carbon adsorption preceded by ozonation for removal of bulk organics and micropollutants from landfill leachate. [Journal Article]Sci Total Environ. 2022 May 10; 820:153349.ST
- Although combined ozonation with activated carbon (AC) adsorption is a promising technique for leachate treatment, little is known about how ozone-induced changes in leachate characteristics affect the organics adsorption, especially in view of emerging micropollutants (MPs) removal. Furthermore, the online monitoring of MPs is challenging but desirable for efficient treatment operation. This stu…
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- Primidone Intolerance in Essential tremor: Is it More than Just Age? [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: We speculate that there are several possible explanations for primidone intolerance in ET. These possibilities should be tested in future studies, and we propose the roadmap for designing these studies. It is of value to obtain detailed insight into these complex issues because primidone remains one of the few frontline anti-tremor medications in ET. Answers to issues we have raised in this article could facilitate more customized formulation of primidone in ET patients.
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- Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed): Primidone [BOOK]Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). National Library of Medicine (US): Bethesda (MD)BOOK
- Ample evidence exists that primidone taken during nursing can affect the breastfed infant. Infant serum levels of primidone and its metabolites are often near or in the therapeutic range and symptoms of sedation and poor nursing have been reported. On the other hand, infants exposed in utero sometimes have withdrawal symptoms that are either alleviated by breastfeeding or worsened when breastfeed…
- Primary orthostatic tremor and orthostatic tremor-plus in dogs: 60 cases (2003-2020). [Multicenter Study]
- CONCLUSIONS: Primary OT is a progressive disease of young, purebred, giant/large-breed dogs, which appears to begin later in life in Retrievers. Primary OT apparently responds partially to medications. Orthostatic tremor-plus exists in dogs and can be concomitant or associated with other neurological diseases.
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