Asherman's syndrome (AS) is a partial or complete obliteration of the uterine cavity after intrauterine trauma. Approximately 90 % of severe AS cases occur after abortion curettage or postpartum curettage. Clinical signs and symptoms are abnormalities of the cycle (hypomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea) and fertility disorders. We have reviewed the recent literature on AS following the description of a typical clinical case. The management of AS is not easy. It must be done by experienced surgeons. Realization of several surgeries is sometimes mandatory, with the use of anti-adhesive devices between interventions. Its complex management encourages insistence on the avoidance of its risk factors.

Women with Asherman syndrome (AS) have intrauterine adhesions obliterating the uterine cavity. Hysteroscopic March classification describes the adhesions which graded in terms of severity. This study has been designed to assess the prevalence and association between of clinical presentations, potential causes, and hysteroscopic March classification of AS among infertile women with endometrial thickness.A retrospective descriptive study was carried out that included 41 women diagnosed with AS. All of the patients underwent evaluation and detailed history. All cases classified according to March classification of AS were recorded. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on measurement of endometrial thickness. Group A consisted of 26 patients with endometrial thickness ≤5 mm, and group B included 15 patients with endometrial thickness >5 mm.The prevalence of AS was 4.6%. Hypomenorrhea was identified in about 46.3%, and secondary infertility 70.7%. History of induced abortion, curettage, and postpartum hemorrhage were reported among 56.1%, 51.2%, and 31.7%, respectively. AS cases were classified as minimal in 34.1%, moderate 41.5%, and severe among 24.4% as per March classification. Amenorrhea was reported by 23.1% of women in group A, compared to 0% in group B (P = .002). Ten of 26 patients (38.5%) from group A had a severe form of March classification, compared with 0 of 15 patients (0%) in group B. This was statistically significant (P < .001).The thin endometrium associated with amenorrhea and severe form of March classification among patients with AS.

In developed countries Asherman's syndrome is almost always the result of a prior intrauterine operative trauma. This is often asymptomatic but may result in hypo- or amenorrhea and can contribute to infertility and pregnancy complications. We review their etiology, clinical implications, and systems proposed to classify their extent. The numerous methods reported for performing lysis of intrauterine adhesions are summarized along with clinical results. Current strategies to prevent recurrence of intrauterine adhesions have not been conclusively shown to be clinically effective, but the potential for endometrial regeneration using stem cells is an exciting modality under investigation.

Acquired vaginal stenosis is a rare obstructing anomaly, which can be caused by use of chemicals in the vagina. A 21-year-old gravida 1 para 1, presented with secondary amenorrhea and inability to have sexual intercourse, after normal spontaneous vaginal delivery complicated by post partum bleeding. The delivery was conducted by untrained traditional birth attendant at home. The wash cloth soaked with caustic soda was packed in the patient's vagina and was left in situ for 10 days, which ultimately led to the severe scarring and stenosis of the vagina. Patient underwent surgical management and the extensive vaginal adhesions were excised and a patent vagina was reconstructed. Patient then reported successful vaginal intercourse without dyspareunia. Post partum vaginal stenosis due to chemical vaginitis is rare. These cases can be prevented by adequate training of untrained health care workers.

The aim of this report was to define the best diagnostic and therapeutic approach when secondary amenorrhea is related to undiagnosed Asherman syndrome. We present a single case of secondary amenorrhea with a previous diagnosis of alterated hypothalamic-hypophysary regulation, with a component of ovarian function in probable reduction, which was evaluated in our department and resulted affected by Asherman's syndrome IV stage. We describe step by step the diagnosis and treatment of a previously misdiagnosed case of severe Asherman's syndrome. An appropriate diagnosis and adequate treatment are mandatory to allow menses and fertility to be restored when severe Asherman's syndrome occurs.