- Joint use of location and acceleration data reveals influences on transitions among habitats in wintering birds. [Journal Article]Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 06; 13(1):2132.SR
- Quantifying relationships between animal behavior and habitat use is essential to understanding animal decision-making. High-resolution location and acceleration data allows unprecedented insights into animal movement and behavior. These data types allow researchers to study the complex linkages between behavioral plasticity and habitat distribution. We used a novel Markov model in a Bayesian fra…
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- Genome sequence analysis of H7N3 subtype avian influenza virus originated from wild birds and its potential infectivity in mice. [Journal Article]Virus Genes. 2023 Feb 03 [Online ahead of print]VG
- In 2021, an H7N3 avian influenza virus (AIV) was isolated from a mallard in Tianhewan Yellow River National Wetland Park, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China. Sequences analysis showed that this strain received its genes from H7, H6, H5, H3, and H1 AIVs of domestic poultry and wild birds in Asia and Europe. It was mild pathogenicity in mice. These results suggest the importance of continued surv…
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- Comparative Assessment of Lyophilized and wet Reagents for the Molecular Detection of H5N1 High Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus and H9N2 Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. [Journal Article]J Virol Methods. 2023 Jan 30 [Online ahead of print]JV
- Global surveillance for Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) in birds is essential for assessing public and animal health risks and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is among the official methods recommended by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) to confirm the presence of the virus in laboratory specimens. Yet, in low-resource setting laboratories, the detection of AIV can be hamp…
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- HPAI-resistant Ri chickens exhibit elevated antiviral immune-related gene expression. [Journal Article]J Vet Sci. 2023 Jan; 24(1):e13.JV
- CONCLUSIONS: Resistant Ri chickens exhibit a stronger antiviral response to HPAIV H5N1 compared with susceptible chickens. Our findings provide insights into the immune responses of genetically disparate chickens against HPAIV.
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- Evolution and mammalian adaptation of H3 and H10 subtype avian influenza viruses in wild birds in Yancheng Wetland of China. [Journal Article]Vet Microbiol. 2023 Jan 23; 279:109669.VM
- Wild birds play a critical role in avian influenza virus (AIV) ecology and some outbreaks of avian influenza in human originate from wild birds, suggesting that epidemiological surveillance and interspecies-transmission analysis of AIVs in wild birds are critical. Since 2019, we have performed sampling in Yancheng Wetland along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Totally, 2054 fecal swabs were co…
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- Quantitative proteomics of differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and control identifies potential novel host factors post-influenza A virus infection. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: COPD- and control-derived phBECs did not differ in cell type composition, susceptibility to influenza virus infection, and proteomes pre- and post-infection. Finally, we identified novel influenza A virus-regulated proteins in bronchial epithelial cells that might serve as potential targets to modulate the pathogenicity of infection and acute exacerbations.
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- ONE ASSAY TO TEST THEM ALL: COMPARING MULTIPLEX ASSAYS FOR EXPANSION OF RESPIRATORY VIRUS SURVEILLANCE. [Preprint]medRxiv. 2023 Jan 22M
- CONCLUSIONS: TP, PC and GX, reliably detect SARS-CoV-2, influenza and RSV simultaneously, with reduced time-to-results and simplified workflows. MPAs have the potential to enhancediagnostics, surveillance system, and epidemic response to drive policy on prevention and control of viral respiratory infections.
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- Bidirectional movement of emerging H5N8 avian influenza viruses between Europe and Asia via migratory birds since early 2020. [Journal Article]Mol Biol Evol. 2023 Jan 27 [Online ahead of print]MB
- Migratory birds play a critical role in the rapid spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus clade 2.3.4.4 across Eurasia. Elucidating the timing and pattern of virus transmission is essential therefore for understanding the spatial dissemination of these viruses. In this study, we surveyed >27000 wild birds in China, tracked the year-round migration patterns of 20 bird species…
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- Bird flu spread between mink is a 'warning bell'. [News]Science. 2023 01 27; 379(6630):316-317.Sci
- Big outbreak at a Spanish farm reignites fears of an H5N1 influenza pandemic.
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- Investigating Environmental Matrices for Use in Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance-Surface Water, Sediments, and Avian Fecal Samples. [Journal Article]Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Jan 26 [Online ahead of print]MS
- Surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIV) in wild water bird populations is important for early warning to protect poultry from incursions of high-pathogenicity (HP) AIV. Access to individual water birds is difficult and restricted and limits sampling depth. Here, we focused on environmental samples such as surface water, sediments, and environmentally deposited fresh avian feces as matrices …
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- Avian influenza overview September - December 2022. [Journal Article]EFSA J. 2023 Jan; 21(1):e07786.EJ
- Between October 2021 and September 2022 Europe has suffered the most devastating highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) epidemic with a total of 2,520 outbreaks in poultry, 227 outbreaks in captive birds, and 3,867 HPAI virus detections in wild birds. The unprecedent geographical extent (37 European countries affected) resulted in 50 million birds culled in affected establishments. In the curre…
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- Bird flu outbreak in mink sparks concern about spread in people. [News]Nature. 2023 Feb; 614(7946):17.Nat
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- Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in farmed minks, Spain, October 2022. [Journal Article]
- In October 2022, an outbreak in Europe of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) in intensively farmed minks occurred in northwest Spain. A single mink farm hosting more than 50,000 minks was involved. The identified viruses belong to clade 2.3.4.4b, which is responsible of the ongoing epizootic in Europe. An uncommon mutation (T271A) in the PB2 gene with potential public health implica…
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- Infectivity and transmissibility of an avian H3N1 influenza virus in pigs. [Journal Article]
- In 2019 a low pathogenic H3N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) caused an outbreak in Belgian poultry farms, characterized by an unusually high mortality in chickens. Influenza A viruses of the H1 and H3 subtype can infect pigs and become established in swine populations. Therefore, the H3N1 epizootic raised concern about AIV transmission to pigs and from pigs to humans. Here, we assessed the replicati…
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- Combined Phylogeographic Analyses and Epidemiologic Contact Tracing to Characterize Atypically Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H3N1) Epidemic, Belgium, 2019. [Journal Article]Emerg Infect Dis. 2023 Feb; 29(2):351-359.EI
- The high economic impact and zoonotic potential of avian influenza call for detailed investigations of dispersal dynamics of epidemics. We integrated phylogeographic and epidemiologic analyses to investigate the dynamics of a low pathogenicity avian influenza (H3N1) epidemic that occurred in Belgium during 2019. Virus genomes from 104 clinical samples originating from 85% of affected farms were s…
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- Kinetics and magnitude of viral RNA shedding as indicators for Influenza A virus transmissibility in ferrets. [Journal Article]
- The ferret transmission model is routinely used to evaluate the pandemic potential of newly emerging influenza A viruses. However, concurrent measurement of viral load in the air is typically not a component of such studies. To address this knowledge gap, we measured the levels of virus in ferret nasal washes as well as viral RNA emitted into the air for 14 diverse influenza viruses, encompassing…
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- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Infections in Wild Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) Show Neurotropism and Adaptive Virus Mutations. [Journal Article]Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Jan 23 [Online ahead of print]MS
- During the 2020 to 2022 epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI), several infections of mammalian species were reported in Europe. In the Netherlands, HPAI H5N1 virus infections were detected in three wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) that were submitted with neurological symptoms between December of 2021 and February of 2022. A histopathological analysis demonstrated that the vir…
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- The influences of microbial colonisation and germ-free status on the chicken TCRβ repertoire. [Journal Article]
- Microbial colonisation is paramount to the normal development of the immune system, particularly at mucosal sites. However, the relationships between the microbiome and the adaptive immune repertoire have mostly been explored in rodents and humans. Here, we report a high-throughput sequencing analysis of the chicken TCRβ repertoire and the influences of microbial colonisation on tissue-resident T…
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- A cross-sectional survey of avian influenza knowledge among poultry farmworkers in Indonesia. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that poultry workers had good knowledge about AI infection, transmission, and risk variables. Health workers and television were the main sources of information on AI. The level of AI knowledge was high among the respondents.
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- The swan genome and transcriptome, it is not all black and white. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Together, these data suggest that the immune system of the black swan is such that should any avian viral infection become established in its native habitat, the black swan would be in a significant peril.
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- The global prevalence of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8) infection in birds: A systematic review and meta-analysis. [Journal Article]Microb Pathog. 2023 Jan 19; 176:106001.MP
- The zoonotic pathogen avian influenza A H5N8 causes enormous economic losses in the poultry industry and poses a serious threat to the public health. Here, we report the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of birds. We filtered 45 eligible articles from seven databases. A random-effects model was used to analyze the prevalence of H5N8 in birds. The pooled prevale…
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- Determining the Protective Efficacy of Toll-Like Receptor Ligands to Minimize H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Transmission in Chickens. [Journal Article]
- Low-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (AIV) of the H9N2 subtype can infect and cause disease in chickens. Little is known about the efficacy of immune-based strategies for reducing the transmission of these viruses. The present study investigated the efficacy of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (CpG ODN 2007 and poly(I:C)) to reduce H9N2 AIV transmission from TLR-treated seeder (trial 1) or i…
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- Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 Subtype Avian Influenza Viruses Were Identified from the Common Crane Wintering in Yunnan Province, China. [Journal Article]
- The seasonal migration of wild aquatic birds plays a critical role in the maintenance, transmission, and incursion of the avian influenza virus (AIV). AIV surveillance was performed during 2020-2021 in two national nature reserves with abundant wild bird resources in Yunnan, China. Four H5N8 AIVs isolates from the common crane were identified by next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis d…
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- Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Barriers Associated with Influenza Vaccination among Health Care Professionals Working at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan: A Multicenter Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. [Journal Article]
- Health Care Professionals (HCPs), including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and paramedics, are a high-risk group for influenza infection due to their continuous exposure to patients having a known or unknown history of influenza-like illnesses. Influenza vaccination is the most effective method of primary prevention. This study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, practice, and barriers as…
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- Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A Virus (H5N1) of Clade 2.3.4.4b in Egypt, 2021-2022. [Journal Article]
- Wild migratory birds have the capability to spread avian influenza virus (AIV) over long distances as well as transmit the virus to domestic birds. In this study, swab and tissue samples were obtained from 190 migratory birds during close surveillance in Egypt in response to the recent outbreaks of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus. The collected samples were tested for a va…
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- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b in Wild Birds and Live Bird Markets, Egypt. [Journal Article]
- Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx influenza viruses have further diversified into several subclades. Sub-clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and detected in Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America since October 2020. In this study, we report the first detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in wild birds and domestic ducks from live bird mark…
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- Avian flu threatens Neotropical birds. [Letter]Science. 2023 01 20; 379(6629):246.Sci
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- Strong host phylogenetic and ecological effects on host competency for avian influenza in Australian wild birds. [Journal Article]
- Host susceptibility to parasites is mediated by intrinsic and external factors such as genetics, ecology, age and season. While waterfowl are considered central to the reservoir community for low pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (LPAIV), the role of host phylogeny has received limited formal attention. Herein, we analysed 12 339 oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and 10 826 serum samples collect…
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- The role of transforming growth factor beta-1 protein in Escherichia coli secondary infection induced by H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens. [Journal Article]Microb Pathog. 2023 Feb; 175:105983.MP
- The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) is common in poultry production. It causes mild clinical signs but rarely leads to poultry mortalities. However, higher mortality can occur in chickens with co-infections, especially avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), which results in huge economic losses for the poultry industry. Unfortunately, the mechanism of co-infection remains unknown. …
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- Attenuation of Avian Flavivirus by Rewiring the Leucine and Serine Codons of Its E-NS1 Protein toward Stop Mutation To Redirect Virus Evolution. [Journal Article]Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Jan 10 [Online ahead of print]MS
- Recently, a new strategy for attenuating RNA viruses by redirecting their evolution in sequence space was confirmed for Enterovirus and Influenza viruses. Using avian flavivirus as a model, the 69 serine and 53 leucine codons on the E-NS1 genes were modified to change evolutionary direction of the viral sequence space. This means that all codons encoding serine or leucine residues were substitute…
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