- JMM Profile: Swine influenza A virus: a neglected virus with pandemic potential. [Journal Article]J Med Microbiol. 2023 Jan; 72(1)JM
- Swine influenza is an acute respiratory disease of swine caused by swine influenza A virus (SwIAV). The ability of SwIAV to spread bidirectionally from animals to humans (zoonotic), and from humans to animals (reverse zoonotic), drives coinfection that can result in gene segment exchange and elevates the risk of generating viruses with pandemic potential. Compared to human-origin influenza A viru…
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- [Annual update of pulmonary infectious diseases in 2022]. [Review]Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2023 Feb 12; 46(2):168-171.ZJ
- In 2022, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains rampant across the world. Several remarkable studies concerning pulmonary infectious diseases have been published during this pandemic. This review summarized the representative academic and translational medical progress over the past year (from October 1, 2021, to September 30, 2022), including COVID-19, community/hospital-acquired pneumonia,…
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- Determination of the synergistic anti-influenza effect of Huangqin Su tablet and Oseltamivir and investigation of mechanism of the tablet based on gut microbiota and network pharmacology. [Journal Article]
- Huangqin Su (HQS) tablet is mainly composed of baicalein which has been evaluated for its ability to inhibit influenza. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of HQS and oseltamivir phosphate (OS) (single or combination therapy) on influenza-induced acute pneumonia in male and female ICR mice. The regulatory effect of HQS on gut microbiota was also studied by using 16 s rDNA sequencing…
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- Targeting influenza A virus by splicing inhibitor herboxidiene reveals the importance of subtype-specific signatures around splice sites. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The discrepancy in M2-dependence emphasizes the importance of M2 in human influenza A virus pathogenicity, which leads to subtype-specific evolution. Our findings provide insights into virus adaptation processes in humans and highlights splicing regulation as a potential antiviral target.
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- Pandemic preparedness: five minutes with . . . Katie Doores. [Journal Article]BMJ. 2023 Feb 03; 380:p287.BMJ
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- Does prior vaccination affect the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination among older adults? Findings from a prospective cohort study in a Northeastern Province of Thailand. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination elicited good humoral response in older Thai adults. While seroconversion seemed attenuated in persons previously vaccinated for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (the only vaccine strain not to change), this was not apparent for influenza A(H3N2) and B, and prior vaccination was not associated with any inhibition in seroprotection.
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- COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitation among men and women preparing for pregnancy: a cross-section survey based on the theory of planned behavior. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 vaccination rate of men and women preparing for pregnancy was significantly lower than the average vaccination rate of China. Gender, protective health behaviors, vaccination attitudes, and subjective norms had effects on the vaccination behaviors of couples preparing for pregnancy.
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- Which interventions are effective at decreasing or increasing emergency department attendances or hospital admissions from long-term care facilities? A systematic review. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Factors that affect hospitalisation and emergency department attendances of long-term care facility residents are complex. This review supports the already established use of advance care planning and influenza vaccination to reduce unscheduled hospital attendances. It is likely that more than one intervention will be needed to impact on healthcare usage across the long-term care facility population. The findings of this review are useful to identify effective interventions that can be combined, as well as highlighting interventions that either need evaluation or are not effective at decreasing healthcare usage.
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- Comparison of influenza and COVID-19 hospitalisations in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: During first Omicron wave, COVID-19 hospitalisation rates were significantly higher than historical influenza hospitalisation rates for unvaccinated adults but were comparable to influenza for vaccinated adults. For children, in the context of high infection levels, hospitalisation rates for COVID-19 were lower than 2009/2010 H1N1 influenza and comparable (higher for 0-4) to non-pandemic years, regardless of the vaccine status.
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- New COVID-19 vaccine strategy would mimic flu's annual shots. [News]Science. 2023 Feb 03; 379(6631):425-426.Sci
- Scientists and regulators seek new course amid uncertainty.
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- High-throughput droplet-based analysis of influenza A virus genetic reassortment by single-virus RNA sequencing. [Journal Article]Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Feb 07; 120(6):e2211098120.PN
- The segmented RNA genome of influenza A viruses (IAVs) enables viral evolution through genetic reassortment after multiple IAVs coinfect the same cell, leading to viruses harboring combinations of eight genomic segments from distinct parental viruses. Existing data indicate that reassortant genotypes are not equiprobable; however, the low throughput of available virology techniques does not allow…
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- Vaccine effectiveness estimates from an early-season influenza A(H3N2) epidemic, including unique genetic diversity with reassortment, Canada, 2022/23. [Journal Article]Euro Surveill. 2023 Feb; 28(5)ES
- The Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the unusually early 2022/23 influenza A(H3N2) epidemic. Like vaccine, circulating viruses were clade 3C.2a1b.2a.2, but with genetic diversity affecting haemagglutinin positions 135 and 156, and reassortment such that H156 viruses acquired neuraminidase from clade 3C.2a1b.1a. Vaccine provided substa…
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- Chronic exposure to low-level lipopolysaccharide dampens influenza-mediated inflammatory response via A20 and PPAR network. [Journal Article]
- Influenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to severe inflammation, and while epithelial-driven inflammatory responses occur via activation of NF-κB, the factors that modulate inflammation, particularly the negative regulators are less well-defined. In this study we show that A20 is a crucial molecular switch that dampens IAV-induced inflammatory responses. Chronic exposure to low-dose LPS environmen…
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- HPAI-resistant Ri chickens exhibit elevated antiviral immune-related gene expression. [Journal Article]J Vet Sci. 2023 Jan; 24(1):e13.JV
- CONCLUSIONS: Resistant Ri chickens exhibit a stronger antiviral response to HPAIV H5N1 compared with susceptible chickens. Our findings provide insights into the immune responses of genetically disparate chickens against HPAIV.
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- Microbiota composition in the lower respiratory tract is associated with severity in patients with acute respiratory distress by influenza. [Journal Article]
- Several factors are associated with the severity of the respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus. Although viral factors are one of the most studied, in recent years the role of the microbiota and co-infections in severe and fatal outcomes has been recognized. However, most of the work has focused on the microbiota of the upper respiratory tract (URT), hindering potential insights from t…
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- Vinyl Sulfone-functionalized Acetalated Dextran Microparticles as a Subunit Broadly Acting Influenza Vaccine. [Journal Article]AAPS J. 2023 Jan 31; 25(1):22.AJ
- Influenza is a global health concern with millions of infections occurring yearly. Seasonal flu vaccines are one way to combat this virus; however, they are poorly protective against influenza as the virus is constantly mutating, particularly at the immunodominant hemagglutinin (HA) head group. A more broadly acting approach involves Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive Antigen (COBRA). COB…
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- Encephalitis lethargica. What is still wrong? [Historical Article]
- Encephalitis lethargica developed in epidemic from 1919 to 1926 in Europe and throughout the world. From the clinical point of view, the disturbances of consciousness and alertness and the possible outcomes of a postencephalitic Parkinsonism has attracted much attention. For a long time, it was thought that such a disease may still occur sporadically. In this review, the authors examined historic…
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- Using clinical surveillance software to support effective infection prevention and control for managing COVID-19. [Journal Article]Br J Nurs. 2023 Jan 26; 32(2):52-56.BJ
- The speed, severity and scale of the COVID-19 pandemic challenged infection prevention and control (IPC) efforts at hospitals worldwide. Dorset County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in Dorchester had an established pandemic plan, which had been developed in response to the swine flu (H1N1) pandemic in 2009. However, the COVID-19 pandemic developed to a level that modern health care had not seen be…
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- Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: The high risk of bias in the trials, variation in outcome measurement, and relatively low adherence with the interventions during the studies hampers drawing firm conclusions. There were additional RCTs during the pandemic related to physical interventions but a relative paucity given the importance of the question of masking and its relative effectiveness and the concomitant measures of mask adherence which would be highly relevant to the measurement of effectiveness, especially in the elderly and in young children. There is uncertainty about the effects of face masks. The low to moderate certainty of evidence means our confidence in the effect estimate is limited, and that the true effect may be different from the observed estimate of the effect. The pooled results of RCTs did not show a clear reduction in respiratory viral infection with the use of medical/surgical masks. There were no clear differences between the use of medical/surgical masks compared with N95/P2 respirators in healthcare workers when used in routine care to reduce respiratory viral infection. Hand hygiene is likely to modestly reduce the burden of respiratory illness, and although this effect was also present when ILI and laboratory-confirmed influenza were analysed separately, it was not found to be a significant difference for the latter two outcomes. Harms associated with physical interventions were under-investigated. There is a need for large, well-designed RCTs addressing the effectiveness of many of these interventions in multiple settings and populations, as well as the impact of adherence on effectiveness, especially in those most at risk of ARIs.
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- Susceptibility identification for seasonal influenza A/H3N2 based on baseline blood transcriptome. [Journal Article]
- Influenza susceptibility difference is a widely existing trait that has great practical significance for the accurate prevention and control of influenza.
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- Antiviral activities of plant-derived indole and β-carboline alkaloids against human and avian influenza viruses. [Journal Article]
- The persistent evolution of drug-resistant influenza strains represents a global concern. The innovation of new treatment approaches through drug screening strategies and investigating the antiviral potential of bioactive natural-based chemicals may address the issue. Herein, we screened the anti-influenza efficacy of some biologically active indole and β-carboline (βC) indole alkaloids against t…
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- Influenza vaccination and stroke risk: additional factors should be considered - Author's Reply. [Letter]Lancet Public Health. 2023 Feb; 8(2):e97.LP
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- Influenza vaccination and stroke risk: additional factors should be considered. [Letter]Lancet Public Health. 2023 Feb; 8(2):e96.LP
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- mRNA vaccine technology for a multivalent flu vaccine. [Journal Article]Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 Feb; 23(2):157.LI
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- Displaying and delivering viral membrane antigens via WW domain-activated extracellular vesicles. [Journal Article]
- Membrane proteins expressed on the surface of enveloped viruses are conformational antigens readily recognized by B cells of the immune system. An effective vaccine would require the synthesis and delivery of these native conformational antigens in lipid membranes that preserve specific epitope structures. We have created an extracellular vesicle-based technology that allows viral membrane antige…
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- Decreased antibody response to influenza vaccine with an enhanced antibody response to subsequent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: CHB patients, especially those with cirrhosis, appeared to have a decreased antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccine. A history of inactivated influenza vaccination within 1 year before inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination might induce stronger anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response.
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- Investigating the transmission of baloxavir-resistant influenza viruses from treated index patients to untreated household contacts in the BLOCKSTONE study. [Journal Article]
- In a post-hoc analysis of the phase 3 BLOCKSTONE study (JapicCTI-184180), we investigated household transmission of baloxavir-resistant (PA/I38X) influenza viruses. Using baloxavir resistance rates from prior clinical trials and the rate of influenza transmission observed in the study, the predicted number of PA/I38X transmission events was 4.8, assuming wild type and PA/I38X viruses were equally…
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- Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza A subtypes in Europe: Results from the 2021-2022 I-MOVE primary care multicentre study. [Multicenter Study]
- CONCLUSIONS: Despite antigenic mismatch between vaccine and circulating strains for influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09, 2021-2022 VE estimates against circulating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were the highest within the I-MOVE network since the 2009 influenza pandemic. VE against A(H3N2) was lower than A(H1N1)pdm09, but at least one in five individuals vaccinated against influenza were protected against presentation to primary care with laboratory-confirmed influenza.
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