- Sputum Susceptibilities in a Nationwide Veteran Cohort. [Journal Article]Am J Infect Control. 2021 Mar 01 [Online ahead of print]AJ
- CONCLUSIONS: The antibiogram of sputum isolates from the VA Healthcare System were examined to determine changes in patterns of resistance over a decade of use.This large-scale study investigated nationwide sputum culture susceptibility trends. Avoidance of macrolides for empiric treatment of community acquired pneumonia and avoidance of fluoroquinolones for empiric treatment of hospital acquired or ventilator associated pneumonia may be warranted based on susceptibility trends.
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- Specific Susceptibility to COVID-19 in Adults with Down Syndrome. [Journal Article]
- The current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, which causes COVID-19, is particularly devastating for individuals with chronic medical conditions, in particular those with Down Syndrome (DS) who often exhibit a higher prevalence of respiratory tract infections, immune dysregulation and potential complications. The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is much higher in DS than in the general population, possib…
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- Robust SARS-CoV-2 infection in nasal turbinates after treatment with systemic neutralizing antibodies. [Journal Article]Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Feb 25 [Online ahead of print]CH
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is characterized by a burst in the upper respiratory portal for high transmissibility. To determine human neutralizing antibodies (HuNAbs) for entry protection, we tested three potent HuNAbs (IC50 range, 0.0007-0.35 μg/mL) against live SARS-CoV-2 infection in the golden Syrian hamster model. These HuNAbs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection by …
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- The Future of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Prevention and Treatment. [Review]
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, and older or immunocompromised adults. Although aerosolized ribavirin was licensed for RSV treatment on the basis of data demonstrating a reduced need for supplemental oxygen, ribavirin use is limited because of issues with efficacy, safety, and cost. Currently, the treatment of RSV is p…
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- Socioeconomic Impact of RSV Hospitalization. [Review]
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease is a significant cause of morbidity and socioeconomic burden worldwide among young children. The majority of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and mortality occurs in developing countries and is associated with various sociodemographic risk factors. Independent risk factors for severe RSV disease include age and premature birth. Whi…
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- Impact of the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics Policy on RSV Hospitalization in Preterm Infants in the United States. [Review]
- Despite being a leading cause of hospitalization due to lower respiratory tract infections, the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is primarily supportive. Palivizumab is the only licensed immunoprophylaxis (IP) available for preventing severe RSV infection in high-risk populations including ≤ 35 weeks' gestational age (wGA) infants and children with chronic lung disease of …
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- Klebsiella oxytoca and Emerging Nosocomial Infections. [Review]
- Klebsiella oxytoca is rising as a significant opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections in neonates as well as adults. This pathogen's prevalence varies from 2 to 24%, but outbreaks of infections due to multidrug-resistant strains can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals with comorbidities. Klebsiella oxytoca is responsible for a wide range of ailments from colitis to infective en…
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- Investigation of Phylogeny and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Elizabethkingia anophelis Isolated from Blood and Lower Respiratory Tract. [Journal Article]Microb Drug Resist. 2021 Mar 03 [Online ahead of print]MD
- Elizabethkingia species are environmental bacteria associated with opportunistic infections in vulnerable populations. Traditionally, Elizabethkingia meningoseptica was considered the predominant pathogenic species. However, commercial identification systems have routinely misidentified Elizabethkingia anophelis as E. meningoseptica, leading to a mischaracterization of clinical strains and an und…
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- [COVID-19 and myocardial injury]. [Journal Article]Rev Med Suisse. 2021 Mar 03; 17(728):418-423.RM
- SARS-CoV-2 affects the cardiovascular system triggering a proinflammatory response which results in direct and indirect myocardial injury. The objective of this article is to describe the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications.
- Impact of concurrent epidemics of dengue, chikungunya, zika, and COVID-19. [Journal Article]Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2021; 54:e08372020.RS
- CONCLUSIONS: Espírito Santo experienced an overlap of epidemics, especially in urban areas.
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- Differential proteomic analysis of children infected with respiratory syncytial virus. [Journal Article]Braz J Med Biol Res. 2021; 54(4):e9850.BJ
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the main cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children. However, there is no effective treatment for RSV infection. Here, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers to aid in the treatment of RSV infection. Children in the acute and convalescence phases of RSV infection were recruited and proteomic analysis was performed to identify different…
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- The year's new drugs and biologics 2020. [Journal Article]Drugs Today (Barc). 2021 Feb; 57(2):101-177.DT
- 2020 will go down in history as a year marked in every respect by the emergence and astonishingly rapid spread of the first major global viral pandemic in a century. It seems like nearly every event or story of the year was influenced in some way by COVID-19, and in that respect, the year ended on a high note with the authorization for emergency use of the first vaccines to prevent SARS-CoV-2 inf…
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- Prevalence of respiratory tract infections and influencing factors: A cross-sectional survey in Anhui Province, China. [Journal Article]Public Health Nurs. 2021 Mar 02 [Online ahead of print]PH
- CONCLUSIONS: RTIs in Anhui, China are common and associated with a variety of socio-demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors. RTIs merit better epidemiological understanding and added interventions tailored to efforts in reducing their health and economic burden. These understandings and efforts are especially relevant for public health nurses since most RTI patients are treated in community settings.
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- Inhalable Nanobody (PiN-21) prevents and treats SARS-CoV-2 infections in Syrian hamsters at ultra-low doses. [Preprint]bioRxiv. 2021 Feb 23B
- Globally there is an urgency to develop effective, low-cost therapeutic interventions for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We previously generated the stable and ultrapotent homotrimeric Pittsburgh inhalable Nanobody 21 (PiN-21). Using Syrian hamsters that model moderate to severe COVID-19 disease, we demonstrate the high efficacy of PiN-21 to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intranasa…
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- Multicentre stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial of an antimicrobial stewardship programme in residential aged care: protocol for the START trial. [Journal Article]BMJ Open. 2021 Mar 02; 11(3):e046142.BO
- Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health threat, driven by increasing inappropriate use of antimicrobials. High prevalence of unnecessary use of antimicrobials in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) has driven demand for the development and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes. The Stepped-wedge Trial to increase antibiotic Appropriateness in Residential ag…
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- [CME/Answers: Hypertension and the COVID-19 Pandemic: What to Consider in Medical Practice]. [Journal Article]Praxis (Bern 1994). 2021; 110(3):141-142.P
- CME/Answers: Hypertension and the COVID-19 Pandemic: What to Consider in Medical Practice Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a major public health problem. A fraction of the population is at increased risk of developing complications of this disease, in particular older subjects as well as diabetic, obese and hypertensive patients. With regard to patients with high blood pressure, the exi…
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- [CME/Answers: Hypertension and the COVID-19 Pandemic: What to Consider in Medical Practice]. [Journal Article]Praxis (Bern 1994). 2021; 110(3):1-2.P
- CME/Answers: Hypertension and the COVID-19 Pandemic: What to Consider in Medical Practice Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a major public health problem. A fraction of the population is at increased risk of developing complications of this disease, in particular older subjects as well as diabetic, obese and hypertensive patients. With regard to patients with high blood pressure, the exi…
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- Diabetes in America: Infections Associated With Diabetes [BOOK]Diabetes in America. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (US): Bethesda (MD)BOOK
- Evidence supporting the notion that diabetes predisposes to an increased risk of infection continues to be inconclusive. In fact, in patients with diabetes, the percentage of outpatient visits to a physician because of an infection ranges from 1.6% to 5.1%, whereas individuals without diabetes average 2.6%–3.6% outpatient visits to physicians as a result of an infection. Additionally, compared to…
- "Lock-down'' for COVID-19 has ''locked up'' Urological emergencies in Greece. [Journal Article]Arch Esp Urol. 2021 Mar; 74(2):183-184.AE
- Over the last couple of months physicians world wide are struggling to prevent the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) spread all over the world. It has become obvious that our health care systems should under go modifications in order to successfully confront similar pandemics, since this is considered the ''century of pandemics'', due to the high incidence of new virus attacks with expressly high viru…
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- Efficacy and safety of Aviron Rapid® in 18-60-year-old patients with clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. [Journal Article]Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2021 Feb 28; 63(1):129-137.FM
- CONCLUSIONS: This study is a clinical confirmation of well documented antiviral activity of the product targeting multiple points in viral replication and covering broad spectrum viral pathogens.
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- Therapeutic activity of an inhaled potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing human monoclonal antibody in hamsters. [Journal Article]Cell Rep Med. 2021 Feb 25 [Online ahead of print]CR
- SARS-CoV-2 infection results in viral burden in the respiratory tract, enabling transmission and leading to substantial lung pathology. The 1212C2 fully human monoclonal antibody was derived from an IgM memory B cell of a COVID-19 patient, has high affinity for the Spike protein Receptor Binding Domain, neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and exhibits in vivo prophylactic and therapeutic activity in hamsters …
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- Spatial patterns of lower respiratory tract infections and their association with fine particulate matter. [Journal Article]
- This study aimed to identify the spatial patterns of lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) and their association with fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) database was used to represent the burden each country experiences as a result of LRIs. PM2.5 data obtained from the Atmosphere Composition Analysis Group was assessed as the source for main exposure. Gl…
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- Infectious complications associated with short-term mechanical circulatory support in urgent heart transplant candidates. [Journal Article]Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2021 Feb 26 [Online ahead of print]RE
- CONCLUSIONS: Patients supported with temporary devices as a bridge to heart transplant are exposed to a high risk of infectious complications, which are associated with higher mortality during the organ waiting period.
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- Reduced level of physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic is associated with depression and anxiety levels: an internet-based survey. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on physical activity. Those who reduced their level of physical activity had the highest levels of mood disorders. Therefore, physical activity programs should be encouraged, while respecting the necessary social distancing to prevent the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.
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- Knowledge, socio-cognitive perceptions and the practice of hand hygiene and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of UK university students. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that communications about effectiveness of hand hygiene and social distancing behaviours had been effective in terms of knowledge acquisition. However, in the light of likely second waves of COVID-19, attention to maintaining social distancing behaviour and improving hand hygiene behaviour may need to address more difficult areas of changing habits, overcoming time factors and building trust, as well as interventions to increase self-efficacy and address risk perception concerns.
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- Guillain-Barré syndrome. [Review]Lancet. 2021 Feb 26 [Online ahead of print]Lct
- Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. Most patients present with an antecedent illness, most commonly upper respiratory tract infection, before the onset of progressive motor weakness. Several microorganisms have been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome, most notably Campylobacter jejuni, Zika virus, and in 2020, the severe acute respiratory sy…
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