- Mutation of two residues converts the ligand-binding domain of RXRα into a uniform monomer without impairing the binding of retinoic acid and cofactors. [Journal Article]Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2023 Jan 29; 642:50-56.BB
- Retinoid X receptor (RXRα) is a nuclear receptor (NR) for retinoic acid (RA) and regulates various NR signaling pathways. Ligand-binding domain (LBD) of RXRα can bind with its ligand 9-cis-RA and cofactors, and mediate the forming of homodimer and homotetramer of RXRα and its heterodimer with other NRs, conferring RXRα the ability to play complicated roles in development and diseases. Due to the …
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- Lymphatic endothelial cell RXRα is critical for 9-cis-retinoic acid-mediated lymphangiogenesis and prevention of secondary lymphedema. [Journal Article]FASEB J. 2023 01; 37(1):e22674.FJ
- Secondary lymphedema is a debilitating disease characterized by abnormal soft tissue swelling and caused by lymphatic system dysfunction. Despite a high prevalence of secondary lymphedema after cancer treatments, current management is supportive and there are no approved therapeutic agents that can thwart disease progression. We have previously demonstrated that 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cisRA) has …
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- Efficacy of immunotherapy with combination of cryotherapy and topical imiquimod for treatment of Kaposi sarcoma. [Letter]J Med Virol. 2023 Jan; 95(1):e28396.JM
- Multiple treatment modalities for Kaposi sarcoma (KS) have been reported, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgical excision, electrochemotherapy, and cryotherapy. Common topical treatments include timolol, imiquimod, and alitretinoin. We searched our institutional database for patients with ICD-9 or 10 codes for KS seen by a dermatologist with experience in KS management from July 1, 2…
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- Combined Central Hypothyroidism and Adrenal Insufficiency Associated with Retinoic Acid Therapy for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. [Case Reports]
- CONCLUSIONS: Although central adrenal insufficiency and hypothyroidism have not been commonly reported in patients taking retinoids, they should always be considered when caring for these patients.
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- Structural characterization of 1,3-bis-tert-butyl monocyclic benzene derivatives with agonistic activity towards retinoid X receptor alpha. [Journal Article]Toxicol Lett. 2023 Jan 15; 373:76-83.TL
- Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) plays pivotal roles in multiple biological processes, but limited information is available on the structural features of chemicals that show low affinity for RXRα, but nevertheless cause significant activation, though these may represent a human health hazard. We recently discovered that several industrial chemicals having 1,3-bis-tert-butylbenzene as a common che…
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- Management of Nail Disease in Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis: An Updated Literature Review Informing the 2021 GRAPPA Treatment Recommendations. [Journal Article]J Rheumatol. 2022 Nov 01 [Online ahead of print]JR
- CONCLUSIONS: The highest strength of supporting evidence is for the recommendation of biologic agents including tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, and interleukin 12/23, 17, and 23 inhibitors.
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- The Use of Retinoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Skin Cancers: An Updated Review. [Review]
- Retinoids are natural and synthetic vitamin A derivatives that are effective for the prevention and the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). NMSCs constitute a heterogenous group of non-melanocyte-derived skin cancers that impose substantial burdens on patients and healthcare systems. They include entities such as basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (collectively …
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- Retinoid-associated myopia in dermatologic patients: a systematic review. [Case Reports]Cutan Ocul Toxicol. 2022 Dec; 41(4):318-322.CO
- CONCLUSIONS: Considering the current literature, it is not possible to define a clear correlation between the use of retinoids and the development or worsening of myopia. Some studies suggest that retinoids may cause a myopic shift and the pathophysiologyical mechanism is supported by some animal and in vitro studies, but there is a lack of large prospective and well-controlled studies. In case of ocular disturbances after retinoid use a prompt ophthalmological referral is advisable and in case of the detection of a myopic refractive error a relationship to retinoids should be ruled out, considering also other possible causes such as age and previous refractive status.
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- Microsecond MD Simulations to Explore the Structural and Energetic Differences between the Human RXRα-PPARγ vs. RXRα-PPARγ-DNA. [Journal Article]
- The heterodimeric complex between retinoic X receptor alpha (RXRα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is one of the most important and predominant regulatory systems, controlling lipid metabolism by binding to specific DNA promoter regions. X-ray and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have revealed the average conformation adopted by the RXRα-PPARγ heterodimer bound to …
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- Use of GAL4 factor-based yeast assay to quantify the effects of xenobiotics on RXR homodimer and RXR/PPAR heterodimer in scallop Chlamys farreri. [Journal Article]Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 15; 852:158526.ST
- Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) have been shown as important targets of endocrine disrupting effects caused by organotin compounds (OTCs). In vitro methods for non-model species are instrumental in revealing not only mechanism of toxicity but also basic biology. In the present study, we constructed the GAL4 factor-based recombinant yeast systems o…
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- Retinoid-induced skeletal hyperostosis in disorders of keratinization. [Journal Article]Clin Exp Dermatol. 2022 Dec; 47(12):2273-2276.CE
- For disorders of keratinization, topical treatment alone may be ineffective, and systemic retinoid therapy may be indicated. Treatment with systemic retinoids (acitretin, isotretinoin and alitretinoin) has been shown to be effective in reducing disease severity; however, potentially rare adverse effects (AEs) may occur, including hyperostotic skeletal changes. The true prevalence of this AE in ad…
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- Darier Disease with Psoriasis. [Case Reports]
- Darier disease is an autosomal dominant disorder with dark crusty patches and is classified as hereditary acantholytic dermatosis. Keratotic papules and crust are often present on the scalp, forehead, chest, back, upper arms, elbows, groin, and behind the ears, predominantly in seborrheic areas. A 48-year-old male patient presented skin lesions with pruritus on the trunk and both upper and lower …
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- Treatment Patterns among Patients with Atopic Dermatitis in Secondary Care: A National, Observational, Non-interventional, Retrospective Study in Sweden. [Journal Article]
- This non-interventional, observational, longitudinal study describes treatment patterns of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Sweden. Data from 3 Swedish registries were merged, and included patients who received an AD diagnosis (during the period 1997 to 2019) and had AD treatment prescribed (during the period 2006 to 2020). Treatment persistence, treatment sequencing, time-to-event analysis, and 12-mont…
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- Clinical phenotypes of adult atopic dermatitis and related therapies. [Review]
- To report current knowledge on the different clinical phenotypes of adult atopic dermatitis. Possible therapeutic intervention in relation to phenotype is also evaluated.
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- Treatments for AIDS/HIV-related Kaposi sarcoma: A systematic review of the literature. [Review]Int J Dermatol. 2022 Nov; 61(11):1311-1324.IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: The evidence of efficacy of any particular intervention is overall varied and there was insufficient evidence to recommend any particular intervention. We have provided an overview of treatments for KS but larger studies need to be carried out to verify the efficacy of treatment options reported in the literature.
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- Topical treatments for Kaposi sarcoma: A systematic review. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Topical alitretinoin, imiquimod and timolol demonstrated positive responses for cutaneous KS and the treatments were well tolerated. These three topical treatment modalities could be considered by clinicians when treating cutaneous KS.
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- Alitretinoin induces skin pigmentation: implications for melasma. [Journal Article]Eur J Dermatol. 2022 01 01; 32(1):140-142.EJ
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- Prolymphangiogenic Effects of 9-cis Retinoic Acid Are Enhanced at Sites of Lymphatic Injury and Dependent on Treatment Duration in Experimental Postsurgical Lymphedema. [Journal Article]
- Background: Patients undergoing surgical treatment for solid tumors are at risk for development of secondary lymphedema due to intraoperative lymphatic vessel injury. The damaged lymphatic vessels fail to adequately regenerate and lymphatic obstruction leads to fluid and protein accumulation in the interstitial space and chronic lymphedema develops as a result. There are currently no effective ph…
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- The kinesin KIF4 mediates HBV/HDV entry through the regulation of surface NTCP localization and can be targeted by RXR agonists in vitro. [Journal Article]
- Intracellular transport via microtubule-based dynein and kinesin family motors plays a key role in viral reproduction and transmission. We show here that Kinesin Family Member 4 (KIF4) plays an important role in HBV/HDV infection. We intended to explore host factors impacting the HBV life cycle that can be therapeutically addressed using siRNA library transfection and HBV/NLuc (HBV/NL) reporter v…
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- Comparison of ALitretinoin with PUVA as the first-line treatment in patients with severe chronic HAnd eczema (ALPHA): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. [Journal Article]
- Hand eczema (HE) is one of the most common skin disorders and an important cause for morbidity and occupational disability. The 1-year prevalence of HE is estimated to be up to 10% and it is estimated that 5%-7% of those develop severe chronic HE. However, current clinical evidence is not compelling enough to guide clinical practice. In a survey among 194 UK dermatologists the most frequent first…
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- Human Plasma Metabolomics Identify 9-cis-retinoic Acid and Dehydrophytosphingosine Levels as Novel biomarkers for Early Ventricular Fibrillation after ST-elevated Myocardial Infarction. [Clinical Trial]
- The relevant metabolite biomarkers for risk prediction of early onset of ventricular fibrillation (VF) after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remain unstudied. Here, we aimed to identify these imetabolites and the important metabolic pathways involved, and explore whether these metabolites could be used as predictors for the phenotype. Plasma samples were obtained retrospectivel…
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- Low Dose Oral Alitretinoin With Narrowband Ultraviolet B Therapy for Chronic Hand Dermatitis. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The combination of low dose oral alitretinoin with narrowband-UVB therapy was more effective and had fewer adverse effects compared to high dose oral alitretinoin for participants with CHD refractory to topical corticosteroid therapy.
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- Effective use of alitretinoin in acitretin-refractory nail lichen planus. [Letter]
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- Alitretinoin for the treatment of severe chronic eczema of the hands. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: Alitretinoin can be considered as a valid therapeutic option for the treatment of CHE in patients not responding to ordinary treatments. Clinical trials and real-life experiences showed that it acts effectively on both objective and subjective clinical signs, resulting in a significant improvement in QoL of patients. As for other retinoids, caution should be taken in patients with certain chronic diseases (hepatopathies, kidney failure, hyperlipidemia, thyroid dysfunction) or childbearing potential women.
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- From the Cochrane Library: Interventions for hand eczema. [Letter]
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