- Allopurinol does not improve cardiovascular outcomes in ischaemic heart disease. [Journal Article]Eur Heart J. 2023 Feb 03 [Online ahead of print]EH
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- Targeted and non-targeted metabolomics uncovering the effects of Er-Miao-Wan formula on rats with hyperuricemia. [Journal Article]J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2023 Jan 18; 226:115246.JP
- Er-Miao-Wan formula (EMW), composed of Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and Atractylodis Rhizoma, is widely used in the treatment of hyperuricemia (HUA), gout, and related complications as a classic compound formula. However, its mechanisms for the treatment of HUA still need to be further systematically investigated. The study aimed to perform modern analytical techniques to elucidate the mechanism…
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- SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF SPLIT-DOSE THIOPURINE VS LOW-DOSE THIOPURINE-ALLOPURINOL CO-THERAPY IN PAEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. [Journal Article]Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2022 Dec 08 [Online ahead of print]CT
- CONCLUSIONS: In children with IBD and impaired thiopurine metabolism, split-dose thiopurine and low-dose thiopurine-allopurinol co-therapy are both effective therapeutic strategies. The latter shows higher efficacy but higher side effects rate, suggesting the use of split-dose regimen as first line approach.
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- A lifetime economic research of universal HLA-B*58:01 genotyping or febuxostat initiation therapy in Chinese gout patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease. [Journal Article]Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2022 Dec 12 [Online ahead of print]PG
- CONCLUSIONS: From Chinese perspective of healthcare system, HLA-B*58:01 genotyping strategy was cost-effective for gout patients with mild to moderate CKD in mainland China, especially in the most developed area, such as Beijing and Shanghai. Therefore, we suggest China's health authorities choose the genotyping strategy and make different recommendations according to the differences of local conditions.
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- [Anti-hyperuricemia activity and its mechanism of flavonoid extract from saffron floral bio-residues]. [Journal Article]Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2023 Jan; 48(1):148-159.ZZ
- A hyperuricemic rat model induced by adenine and ethambutol was established to investigate the anti-hyperuricemia activity and its mechanism of the flavonoid extract from saffron floral bio-residues. Sixty-seven SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, positive control group, and flavonoid extract groups(with 3 doses), respectively, and each group contained 11 or 12 rats. Th…
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- Ferulic acid supplementation alleviates hyperuricemia in high-fructose/fat diet-fed rats via promoting uric acid excretion and mediating the gut microbiota. [Journal Article]Food Funct. 2023 Jan 26 [Online ahead of print]FF
- The prevalence of hyperuricemia (HUA) has been rising, and it is typically accompanied by renal injury and intestinal flora disorder, leading to a non-negligible health crisis. Ferulic acid (FA), as a familiar polyphenol, has been proven to exert anti-hyperuricemic properties via inhibiting uric acid (UA) synthesis; however, the detailed underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study…
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- Etoricoxib Induced Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis in a case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report. [Case Reports]
- Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a potentially life-threatening dermatological condition whose pathogenesis and exact treatment are not yet known. Drugs like anticonvulsants, allopurinol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like etoricoxib, a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor prescribed for pain management are associated with a high risk of toxic epidermal necrolysis. It is also associated …
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- Intracellular IFN-γ and IL-4 levels of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in the peripheral blood of naturally infected (Leishmania infantum) symptomatic dogs before and following a 4-week treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol: a double-blinded, controlled and cross-sectional study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that IL-4 production by T cells may facilitate the symptomatic phase of CanL, whereas IFN-γ production by CD4 + and CD8 + cells may indicate its negligible role in the evolution of natural CanL and perhaps the equivocal positive influence of antileishmanial treatment.
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- Antiepileptic drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome with liver function abnormality and fever as the first manifestation: A case report. [Case Reports]
- CONCLUSIONS: DRESS syndrome is a rare but life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction. The mortality will be very high if it's not diagnosed and treated timely. This paper presents a successful case of methylprednisolone plus intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, which provides a stronger evidence for the future diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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- Gout Prevalence, Practice Patterns, and Associations with Outcomes in North American Dialysis Patients. [Journal Article]Kidney360. 2023 Jan 01; 4(1):54-62.K
- CONCLUSIONS: In a large cohort of PD and HD patients in North America, we found that gout occurs frequently and is likely under-reported. Gout was not associated with adverse clinical or PROs.
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- A Case of Feline Leishmaniosis with Panniculitis. [Case Reports]
- Leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and transmitted mainly by the bite of sand fly vectors. Cats are infected with at least 6 species of Leishmania. Significant associations have been found between feline leishmaniosis and coinfections mainly with FIV and/or FeLV. A 7-year-old castrated male, domestic short-haired cat was presented with unknown history…
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- A Study of the Interaction between Xanthine Oxidase and Its Inhibitors from Chrysanthemum morifolium Using Computational Simulation and Multispectroscopic Methods. [Journal Article]
- The current therapeutic approach for gout is through the inhibition of the xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme. Allopurinol, a clinically used XO inhibitor, causes many side effects. This study aimed to investigate the interaction between XO and inhibitors identified from Chrysanthemum morifolium by using computational simulation and multispectroscopic methods. The crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl …
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- Atrial Fibrillation Risk and Urate-Lowering Therapy in Patients with Gout: A Cohort Study Using a Clinical Database. [Journal Article]
- Individuals of Asian descent are at higher risk for developing hyperuricemia and gout as compared to Western populations. Urate-lowering therapy (ULT) is an effective treatment for hyperuricemia and gout. It was reported that febuxostat, one of the ULTs, raises the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in elderly populations. Nevertheless, this association has not been properly investigated in Asian p…
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- The Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat Suppresses Adipogenesis and Activates Nrf2. [Journal Article]
- Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in purine catabolism that acts as a novel regulator of adipogenesis. In pathological states, xanthine oxidoreductase activity increases to produce excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical inducer of antioxidants, which is bound and repressed by a kelch-like ECH-associated prot…
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- Interventions for the Prevention of Oral Mucositis in Patients Receiving Cancer Treatment: Evidence from Randomised Controlled Trials. [Review]
- Oral mucositis is a common and most debilitating complication associated with cancer therapy. Despite the significant clinical and economic impact of this condition, there is little to offer to patients with oral mucositis, and the medications used in its management are generally only palliative. Given that mucositis is ultimately a predictable and, therefore, potentially preventable condition, i…
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- Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions Associated With High-Dose Lamotrigine for Mood Disorders: A Case Series. [Case Reports]
- Drug-induced Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS), and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are rare but life-threatening immune-mediated drug reactions known as Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions (SCARs). These severe drug reactions have been associated with many commonly prescribed medications, including sulfonamides, allopurinol, carbamazepine, and several ant…
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- Discovery of coumaric acid derivatives hinted by coastal marine source to seek for uric acid lowering agents. [Journal Article]
- In this work, a series of novel compounds Spartinin C1-C24 were screened, synthesised and evaluated for inhibiting xanthine oxidase thus lowering serum uric acid level. The backbones were derived from the components of coastal marine source Spartina alterniflora and marketed drugs. The top hits Spartinin C10 & C22 suggested high inhibition percentages (78.54 and 93.74) at 10 μM dosage, which were…
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- Transdermal delivery of allopurinol to acute hyperuricemic mice via polymer microneedles for the regulation of serum uric acid levels. [Journal Article]Biomater Sci. 2023 Jan 11 [Online ahead of print]BS
- Allopurinol (AP) is widely used to treat hyperuricemia which may cause severe side effects upon oral administration. Alternative means for the treatment of hyperuricemia are demanded to simultaneously facilitate drug absorption, patient compliance, and fewer side effects. In this study, a new polymer microneedle (MN) system was developed for the transdermal delivery of AP to acute hyperuricemic m…
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- Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, single crystal X-ray analysis, in vitro xanthine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory evaluation as well as in silico evaluation of selenium-based N-heterocyclic carbene compounds. [Journal Article]J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2023 Jan 09 [Online ahead of print]JB
- Herein, eight new NHC-based selenourea derivatives were synthesized and characterized by using spectroscopic method (1H, 19F, and 13C NMR, FT-IR), and elemental analysis techniques. These compounds were synthesized by mixing benzimidazolium salts, potassium carbonate, and selenium powder in ethyl alcohol. Additionally, the molecular and crystal structures of the three compounds (1c, 2b, and 2c) w…
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- Effect of febuxostat on adverse events and mortality in gout in Taiwan: An interrupted time series analysis. [Journal Article]Int J Rheum Dis. 2023 Jan 06 [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: Febuxostat may reduce SJS and TEN in all gout patients but increase AMI, PCI, and all-cause mortality in gout patients with comorbidities.
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- Allopurinol and ellagic acid decrease epileptiform activity and the severity of convulsive behavior in a model of status epilepticus. [Journal Article]Neuroreport. 2023 Feb 01; 34(2):67-74.N
- CONCLUSIONS: The antioxidants ALL and ellagic acid showed an antiseizure effect, representing an alternative to reduce epileptiform activity and severity of convulsive behavior during status epilepticus, an effect that may be used as adjuvants to mitigate or reduce oxidative damage processes.
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- Optimizing adherence to allopurinol for gout: patients' perspectives. [Journal Article]Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2023 Jan 06 [Online ahead of print]BJ
- CONCLUSIONS: Patient perceptions of the effectiveness and necessity of allopurinol influenced intentional adherence during medication initiation, implementation and discontinuation. Strategies that inform patients of their urate control and provide accurate medical advice have the potential to improve adherence to allopurinol.
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- Saline Vehicle Increases the Ability of Drug Patch Test in Cutaneous Adverse Drug reactions. [Journal Article]Dermatology. 2023 Jan 04 [Online ahead of print]D
- CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate vehicles is essential to obtain the positive drug patch test. Using saline as a vehicle can increase the positive reaction of drug patch test, particularly in lichenoid drug eruption. We recommend the use of saline as another traditional vehicle in drug patch test.
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- Changes in tophus composition during urate-lowering therapy: a dual energy CT study. [Journal Article]Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023 Jan 03 [Online ahead of print]AC
- CONCLUSIONS: The composition of the tophus is dynamic and changes during urate-lowering therapy for gout management. The soft tissue component of the tophus is slower to respond and may persist without measurable MSU crystal deposition.
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- Association between use of febuxostat and muscle injury: A disproportionality analysis and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. [Review]Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Dec 30 [Online ahead of print]BJ
- CONCLUSIONS: Febuxostat does not seem to affect the risk of muscle injury. However, the findings of this meta-analysis indicate a need for further high-quality observational studies with long-term follow-up.
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- Xanthine oxidoreductase mediates genotoxic drug-induced autophagy and apoptosis resistance by uric acid accumulation and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation. [Journal Article]FASEB J. 2023 02; 37(2):e22723.FJ
- Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process that profoundly impacts the efficacy of genotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that activates several signaling pathways involved in inducing autophagy and suppressing cell death. Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate-limiting enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to ur…
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- Pretreatment of human retinal pigment epithelial cells with sterculic acid forestalls fenretinide-induced apoptosis. [Journal Article]
- The ratio of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids, thought to play a critical role in many cellular functions, is regulated by stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Previously, we observed a decrease in both SCD protein and enzymatic activity in apoptosis induced by fenretinide, a synthetic analog of retinoic acid, in the hum…
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- Pulmonary sarcoidosis: A novel sequelae of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: A case report. [Case Reports]
- CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case in which pulmonary sarcoidosis developed as a late complication of allopurinol-induced DRESS. The case indicated that the autoimmune reaction of DRESS may play an important role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.
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- Skin reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms after lenalidomide in peritoneal Dialysis. [Case Reports]G Ital Nefrol. 2022 Oct 31; 39(5)GI
- The Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a fatal and immune-mediated idiosyncratic drug reaction, with symptoms of fever, skin eruptions (that involves more than half of the body surface), facial oedema and hematological disorders, all presenting within the latent period following drug intake. Effects can also be seen on multiple organs, most notably hepatitis…
- Achievement of serum uric acid target by rheumatology clinic pharmacists compared with primary care providers in patients with gout. [Journal Article]J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2022 Nov 26 [Online ahead of print]JA
- CONCLUSIONS: The odds of achieving target sUA within 12 months were 7 times higher if gout was managed by a rheumatology clinic pharmacist as compared with a PCP. This study suggests the need for prescriber education and supports expansion of pharmacist-led gout management to primary care settings.
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