- Persistent dyselectrolytemia in a neonate induced by liposomal amphotericin B. A case report. [Case Reports]
- CONCLUSIONS: We present the first case reported in a neonate in whom dyselectrolithemia has been maintained over time after withdrawal of liposomal amphotericin B.
- PMC Free PDF
- Synthesis, antimalarial, antileishmanial evaluation, and molecular docking study of some 3-aryl-2-styryl substituted-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives. [Journal Article]
- Quinazolinones are a diverse group of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with promising antimalarial and antileishmanial activities. Herein, some 3-aryl-2-styryl substituted-4(3H)-quinazolinones were synthesized via cyclization, condensation, and hydrolysis reactions. 1H NMR, FTIR and elemental microanalysis was used to verify the structures of the synthesized compounds. The in vivo antim…
- PMC Free PDF
- Case report: Acute Talaromyces marneffei mediastinitis in an HIV-negative patient. [Case Reports]
- Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) is one of the most important opportunistic human pathogens endemic in Southeast Asia. Talaromycosis, which was once regarded as an opportunistic infectious disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is being increasingly reported in HIV-negative populations. Since T. marneffei infection can be localized or disseminated, patients may present w…
- PMC Free PDF
- Liposomal amphotericin B-the past. [Journal Article]
- The discovery of amphotericin B, a polyene antifungal compound, in the 1950s, and the formulation of this compound in a liposomal drug delivery system, has resulted in decades of use in systemic fungal infections. The use of liposomal amphotericin B formulation is referenced in many international guidelines for the treatment of fungal infections such as Aspergillus and cryptococcal disease and Ca…
- PMC Free PDF
- Population pharmacokinetics of liposomal amphotericin B in adults with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. [Meta-Analysis]
- CONCLUSIONS: This study provides novel insight into the PK of AmBisome at the population level and the variability therein. Our analysis also serves to highlight the paucity of data available on the pharmacodynamics (PD) of AmBisome and underscores the importance of thorough and detailed PK/PD analysis in the development of novel antifungals, by demonstrating the challenges associated with post hoc PK/PD analysis.
- PMC Free PDF
- Cost-effectiveness of single, high-dose, liposomal amphotericin regimen for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in five countries in sub-Saharan Africa: an economic analysis of the AMBITION-cm trial. [Journal Article]
- HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis is a leading cause of AIDS-related mortality. The AMBITION-cm trial showed that a regimen based on a single high dose of liposomal amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBisome group) was non-inferior to the WHO-recommended treatment of seven daily doses of amphotericin B deoxycholate (control group) and was associated with fewer adverse events. We present a five-co…
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Scedosporium apiospermum and Lichtheimia corymbifera Co-Infection Due to Inhalation of Biogas in Immunocompetent Patients: A Case Series. [Case Reports]
- This is the first report describing co-infection of Scedosporium apiospermum and Lichtheimia corymbifera caused by biogas inhalation in two people without underlying medical conditions. Two patients fell into the same pig manure pit at the same time while rescuing another patient (this person died in a few hours) and inhaled biogas. Both patients were diagnosed with pulmonary fungal disease and d…
- PMC Free PDF
- Antifungal Combinations against Candida Species: From Bench to Bedside. [Review]
- Candida spp. is the major causative agent of fungal infections in hospitalized patients and the fourth most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI). The availability of standardized methods for testing the in vitro activity of antifungals along with the expanding of antifungal armamentarium, the rising of drug-resistance and the persistence of a high mortality rate in systemic cand…
- PMC Free PDF
- The acceptability of the AMBITION-cm treatment regimen for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: Findings from a qualitative methods study of participants and researchers in Botswana and Uganda. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The AmBisome regimen was highly acceptable, being simpler to administer despite the initial time investment required. The regimen was well tolerated and associated with less toxicity and resultant management. Widespread implementation would reduce the clinical workload of healthcare workers caring for patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis.
- PMC Free PDF
- Efficacy of APX2039 in a Rabbit Model of Cryptococcal Meningitis. [Journal Article]
- Cryptococcal Meningitis (CM) is uniformly fatal if not treated, and treatment options are limited. We previously reported on the activity of APX2096, the prodrug of the novel Gwt1 inhibitor APX2039, in a mouse model of CM. Here, we investigated the efficacy of APX2039 in mouse and rabbit models of CM. In the mouse model, the controls had a mean lung fungal burden of 5.95 log10 CFU/g, whereas thos…
- PMC Free PDF
- How applicable is the single-dose AMBITION regimen for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis to high-income settings? [Journal Article]Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 27 [Online ahead of print]CI
- The AMBITION-cm phase III randomized controlled trial, conducted in east and southern Africa, showed that a single high dose (10 mg/kg) of liposomal amphotericin B, given with an optimized oral backbone of fluconazole and flucytosine, was non-inferior to the World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended regimen of seven days of amphotericin B deoxycholate plus flucytosine for treatment of HIV-assoc…
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- StatPearls: Amphotericin B [BOOK]StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island (FL)BOOK
- Amphotericin B deoxycholate belongs to the polyene class of antifungals. It is also known by the conventional name amphotericin B and has been used for the treatment of invasive fungal infections for more than 50 years. Newer lipid formulations that are less nephrotoxic as compared with conventional amphotericin B are available. This activity reviews the indications, contraindications, activity, …
- Antifungal activity of liriodenine on clinical strains of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The fungicidal activity confirmed by time-kill methodology, the intense Cryptococcus injury observed by TEM, the absorption after gavage administration, and the safety at the tested doses indicate that the liriodenine molecule is a promising drug lead for development of anticryptococcal agents.
- PMC Free PDF
- Hemophagocytic Syndrome in a Patient with HIV and Histoplasmosis: A not so Rare Correlation. [Case Reports]
- Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a disorder that occurs due to unsuitable monocyte activation in a variety of infections. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, patients with advanced immunossupression associated with opportunistic infections are at increased risk of developing HLH. We describe a clinical case of a 33-year-old male student diagnosed with HIV who was hospital…
- PMC Free PDF
- New pyrazolylpyrazoline derivatives as dual acting antimalarial-antileishamanial agents: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling simulations. [Journal Article]
- Promising inhibitory activities of the parasite multiplication were obtained upon evaluation of in vivo antimalarial activities of new pyrazolylpyrazoline derivatives against Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Further evaluation of 5b and 6a against chloroquine-resistant strain (RKL9) of P. falciparum showed higher potency than chloroquine. In vitro antileishmanial activity testing against Leishma…
- PMC Free PDF
- Comparison of amphotericin B deoxycholate in combination with either flucytosine or fluconazole, and voriconazole plus flucytosine for the treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a prospective multicenter study in China. [Multicenter Study]
- CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that AmB-D combined with 5FC remains the more efficacious induction regimen compared to AmB-D plus Flu, and that VCZ + 5FC might be a potential alternative when the standard regimen is not readily available, accessible, tolerated, or effective.
- PMC Free PDF
- Induction-phase treatment costs for cryptococcal meningitis in high HIV-burden African countries: New opportunities with lower costs. [Journal Article]
- Introduction: Access to and the cost of induction treatment for cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is rapidly changing. The newly-announced price for flucytosine ($0.75 per 500 mg pill) and possibly lower prices for liposomal amphotericin B (AmB-L) create opportunities to reduce CM treatment costs compared to the current standard treatment in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We developed an E…
- PMC Free PDF
- Amphotericin B in Pediatrics: Analysis by Age Stratification Suggests a Greater Chance of Adverse Events from 13 Months of Age Onwards. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Clinical or observational studies based on age stratification are essential to accurately elucidate whether potentially toxic drugs can be used safely in the pediatric population. Our search for a turning point was shown to contribute to the accuracy of the study, as it provided data on the impact of D-AMB in specific pediatric age groups.
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Radical treatment for blastomycosis following unsuccessful liposomal amphotericin. [Case Reports]Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Dec; 22(12):e377-e381.LI
- Pulmonary blastomycosis is a respiratory disease that is caused by the fungus Blastomyces spp, which is acquired through inhalation of the fungal spores. Blastomycosis is relatively uncommon, with yearly incidence rate of 1-2 cases per 100 000 people. Blastomycosis is a disease that is endemic to the midwest and southern regions of the USA, most commonly affecting immunocompromised patients. Abou…
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- A Case of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis and Cryptococcosis Preferred Therapy Associated Adverse Drug Reactions in a Patient Newly Co-diagnosed with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. [Case Reports]Curr Drug Saf. 2022 Jul 07 [Online ahead of print]CD
- CONCLUSIONS: The preferred therapy regimens for toxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis are accompanied by potential adverse drug reactions, thus continuous monitoring is vital, especially in the initial phases of therapy. Discontinuation of the treatment should be the preliminary intervention in the management. Having said that, alternative therapy regimens had an optimal clinical response in the present case.
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Phaeohyphomycosis in China. [Review]
- CONCLUSIONS: Our classifications are likely to be more practical and easier to popularize, and there are still also plenty of characteristics in these non-specific lesions. There're no significant variations in cure rates, or death rates between three grades of lesions. But patients with severe rashes have longer courses and lower effective rates.
- PMC Free PDF
- Case report: Disseminated cryptococcus gattii in an immunocompetent patient. [Case Reports]
- CONCLUSIONS: Fungal infections should be considered in any patient presenting with respiratory or neurological symptoms suggestive of Tuberculosis, pneumonia or lung carcinoma, regardless of immunocompetency. Our case highlights the importance of taking a thorough travel history in all patients, as the differential diagnosis would need to include atypical pathogens that could be endemic in the area of travel. It also highlights the significant morbidity associated with cryptococcosis and drug-related toxicities and the methods to prevent complications.
- PMC Free PDF
- Efficacy and Safety of Voriconazole Versus Amphotericin B Deoxycholate Induction Treatment for HIV-Associated Talaromycosis: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study in China. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Induction therapy using voriconazole had a similar efficacy, in terms of all-cause mortality rate, to induction therapy using amphotericin B deoxycholate in HIV-infected patients with talaromycosis over a 48-week observation period. Amphotericin B deoxycholate contributed to earlier fungal clearance and earlier clinical resolution of symptoms in the induction therapy without ART subgroup, whereas amphotericin B deoxycholate use did not contribute to a significant difference in clinical resolution and fungal clearance in the induction therapy combination with ART subgroup.
- PMC Free PDF
- Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis associated with lymph node tuberculosis in a non immunocompromised child. [Case Reports]
- The association of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) and tuberculosis (TB) produces an uncommon hyperinflammatory syndrome, causing multiorgan dysfunction. TB associated PCM is a rare condition, but it is fatal if not treated. Herein, we present a immunocompetent child who is admitted for fever and painful lymphadenopathy, with evidence of acid-alcohol-resistant bacillus (AARB) in cervical lymph node …
- PMC Free PDF
- The current state of clinical mycology in Africa: a European Confederation of Medical Mycology and International Society for Human and Animal Mycology survey. [Review]
- Africa, although not unique in this context, is a favourable environment for fungal infections, given the high burden of risk factors. An online survey was developed asking about laboratory infrastructure and antifungal drug availability. We received 40 responses (24·4% response rate) of 164 researchers contacted from 21 African countries. Only five institutions (12·5%) of 40 located in Cameroon,…
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Disseminated fusariosis with cerebral involvement in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia: Successful outcome with intrathecal -and systemic antifungal treatment. [Case Reports]J Infect Chemother. 2022 Sep; 28(9):1324-1328.JI
- The outcome of invasive fusariosis in hematological patients is usually dismal, particularly in patients with persistent neutropenia. We report a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with Fusarium dimerum sinusitis with hematogenic dissemination to the brain. Despite surgical debridements of the sinuses and liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole and terbinafine, there was progression with ce…
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Treatment of Bolivian Leishmania braziliensis Cutaneous and Mucosal Leishmaniasis. [Journal Article]
- Although infection with Leishmania braziliensis is perhaps the key reason to treat New World cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucosal leishmaniasis (ML), the total literature contains relatively few reported cases. With the aim of supplementing the meager clinical information available, we searched the records of Jorochito (Dermatology) Hospital, Bolivia, for the years 1999-2020 and identified tr…
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)
- Single-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment for Cryptococcal Meningitis. [Randomized Controlled Trial]
- CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose liposomal amphotericin B combined with flucytosine and fluconazole was noninferior to the WHO-recommended treatment for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis and was associated with fewer adverse events. (Funded by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership and others; Ambition ISRCTN number, ISRCTN72509687.).
- PMC Free PDF
- Antifungals influence the immune-related transcriptomic landscape of human monocytes after Aspergillus fumigatus infection. [Journal Article]
- The heterogeneity of clinical responses to antifungals in aspergillosis is partially understood. We hypothesized that besides direct antifungal effects, these discrepancies may be related to different immunomodulatory profiles. Human THP-1 monocytes were coincubated in vitro with Aspergillus fumigatus and variable concentrations of voriconazole (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l), caspofungin (1 and 2 mg/l), amp…
- PMC Free PDF
- Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection by Cryptococcus neoformans sensu stricto: Case report and literature review. [Case Reports]Rev Iberoam Micol. 2022 Jan-Mar; 39(1):16-20.RI
- CONCLUSIONS: This report underlines the need to rule out a Cryptococcus infection in those cases of chronic meningitis with hydrocephalus.
- Publisher Full Text (DOI)