- A breath of not so fresh air…. [Case Reports]
- Despite being widely used as a recreational drug, "poppers" lack a legal framework for their delivery. Their composition may vary largely. This report describes a case of severe bronchiolitis following amyl nitrite mixture inhalation. https://bit.ly/3p3S7LM.
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- Central retinal vein occlusion associated with use of amyl nitrite "poppers". [Journal Article]Retin Cases Brief Rep. 2022 Aug 23 [Online ahead of print]RC
- CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a central retinal vein occlusion associated with poppers inhalation. A high index of suspicion for poppers use should be maintained in young patients who present with vein occlusion, particularly in homosexual patients with a normal lab workup that fails to reveal a hypercoagulable etiology.
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- "Popper" induced methemoglobinemia. [Case Reports]
- Methemoglobinemia is a blood disorder in which red blood cells contain methemoglobin, a form of hemoglobin that contains iron in its oxidized state, at levels >1%, often leading to a hypoxic state. It can be acquired or congenital and has been associated with nitrate or nitrite exposure. "Poppers" and "Rush" are slang terms given to drugs of the chemical class called amyl nitrate or isobutyl nitr…
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- Amyl Nitrite-Induced Hemolytic Anemia: Acute Therapy and Prevention. [Case Reports]
- Inhaled nitrites have been a substance of recreational use for centuries, primarily among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, there is a lack of awareness of the use of inhaled nitrites in this population and the possible complications and health disparities it carries. In this case report, we present a 62-year-old man with a past medical history of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) …
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- Perinasal Dermatitis to Amyl Nitrites ("Poppers' Dermatitis"). [Journal Article]J Cutan Med Surg. 2022 Sep-Oct; 26(5):540.JC
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- Delineating patterns of sexualized substance use and its association with sexual and mental health outcomes among young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Singapore: a latent class analysis. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study highlight how the use of varying substances in sexualized contexts may be classified and characterized by different sexual and mental health outcomes. Health promotion efforts should be differentiated accordingly to address the risks associated with sexualized substance use among YMSM.
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- Squat-to-stand provocation of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a case report. [Case Reports]
- CONCLUSIONS: Due to the dynamic nature of LVOT obstruction, a series of provocative manoeuvres including Valsalva manoeuvre, inhalation of amyl nitrite, and exercise are often necessary to maximally augment ventricular obstruction. The recent unavailability of amyl nitrite during a nationwide shortage prompted the implementation of a protocol of repetitive squat-to-stand manoeuvre in our echocardiography laboratory. Rising from the squatting position decreases preload and afterload, both of which augment dynamic LVOT obstruction. Repetition of squatting and standing appears to enhance the sensitivity of the manoeuvre, particularly when exertional symptoms are reproduced. In this case, repetitive squat-to-stand manoeuvre led to the identification of severe LVOT obstruction which may not have been diagnosed otherwise, alteration of treatment to septal reduction therapy, and subsequent resolution of symptoms.
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- Unilateral contact dermatitis of the breast caused by amyl nitrites (poppers). [Letter]Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2021 Jun; 148(2):139.AD
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- Airborne allergic contact dermatitis by proxy caused by 'poppers'. [Case Reports]Contact Dermatitis. 2021 Mar; 84(3):212-214.CD
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- Elevated Methemoglobin Levels in a Patient Treated with Hydroxocobalamin After Suspected Cyanide Exposure. [Case Reports]J Emerg Med. 2020 Nov; 59(5):e157-e162.JE
- Cyanide (CN) toxicity commonly occurs during enclosed-space fires. Historically, the first step in treating CN toxicity utilized amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite to induce methemoglobinemia, which can be dangerous in this population. Hydroxocobalamin (OHCob), which binds to CN to form the nontoxic metabolite cyanocobalamin, is now the first-line antidote for CN toxicity, and has the advantage of n…
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- Characteristics of gay and bisexual men who rarely use HIV risk reduction strategies during condomless anal intercourse: Results from the FLUX national online cohort study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: NRR men were largely similar to other Australian GBM. However, our analysis suggests it may be appropriate to focus HIV prevention interventions on younger, less socially engaged and less educated GBM, as well as men who prefer receptive anal intercourse to promote the use of effective HIV risk reduction strategies.
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- Diagnostic differences in the pharmacologic response to cholecystokinin and amyl nitrite in patients with absent contractility vs type I Achalasia. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Nearly a quarter of AC and ACH1 patients may be misdiagnosed based on manometric IRP criteria alone. Differences in the esophageal motor responses to AN and CCK have the potential to facilitate the correct diagnosis in these challenging patients.
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- Exogenous NO Therapy for the Treatment and Prevention of Atherosclerosis. [Review]
- Amyl nitrite was introduced in 1867 as the first molecule of a new class of agents for the treatment of angina pectoris. In the following 150 years, the nitric oxide pathway has been the subject of a number of pharmacological approaches, particularly since when this elusive mediator was identified as one of the most important modulators of vascular homeostasis beyond vasomotion, including platele…
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- Prevalence, frequency, and motivations for alkyl nitrite use among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Australia. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Poppers are commonly used by Australian GBM to functionally enhance sexual experiences, particularly to facilitate receptive anal intercourse. Few men experienced drug-related harms from poppers use. Regulatory changes must ensure potential harms from popper use are minimised without increasing barriers to access or perpetuating stigma.
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- Man With Cyanosis and Altered Mental Status. [Case Reports]
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- Chemsex drugs on the rise: a longitudinal analysis of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study from 2007 to 2017. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: The significant increase in the use of chemsex drugs among MSM in the SHCS and the strong association with coinfections and depression highlights the need for harm reduction programmes tailored to MSM. According to our results, improving knowledge about recreational drugs is important for all health care professionals working with people living with HIV.
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- Symmetrical pruriginous nasal rash. [Case Reports]Cutis. 2019 Sep; 104(3):E30-E31.C
- Motility Patterns Following Esophageal Pharmacologic Provocation With Amyl Nitrite or Cholecystokinin During High-Resolution Manometry Distinguish Idiopathic vs Opioid-Induced Type 3 Achalasia. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of patients with an A3 pattern of dysmotility are chronic, daily users of opioids with manometry patterns indistinguishable from those of patients with IA3. Patients with OA3 differ from patients with IA3 in responses to amyl nitrite and cholecystokinin. These findings might be used to identify patients with dysmotility resulting from opioid use.
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- Pharmacologic interrogation of patients with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction using amyl nitrite. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with true EGJOO, only half have pharmacologic evidence of impaired LES relaxation. Pharmacologic interrogation of the EGJ is thus necessary to identify the subgroup of EGJOO patients who could be expected to benefit from LES ablative therapies.
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- Association Between Nitrite and Nitrate Intake and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. [Meta-Analysis]
- CONCLUSIONS: High or moderate nitrite intake was associated with higher risk of gastric cancer, whereas high or moderate nitrate intake was correlated with lower risk of gastric cancer.
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- Prevalence and correlates of "popper" (amyl nitrite inhalant) use among HIV-positive Latinos living in the U.S.-Mexico border region. [Journal Article]
- Poppers (nitrite inhalants) are legal, commonly used by men who have sex with men, and associated with HIV acquisition, yet research is lacking on popper use and associated adverse outcomes. People living with HIV (PLWH) in the U.S.-Mexico border region lead binational lives, including accessing care and having sex and drug use partners on both sides of the border, with broad personal and public …
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- Age-related prevalence and twelve-month incidence of illicit drug use in a cohort of Australian gay and bisexual men: Results from the Flux Study. [Journal Article]Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 07 01; 188:175-179.DA
- CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of lifetime illicit drug use is lower in younger GBM than in their older counterparts. However, incidence of drug use initiation is high among younger men, providing an opportunity for early intervention.
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- Shigellosis outbreak among MSM living with HIV: a case-control study in Taiwan, 2015-2016. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Chemsex is a new risk factor for shigellosis among MSM living with HIV, as identified in the 2015-2016 outbreak. Additional risk factors include poppers use, sexual risk behaviours and high pVL. Further studies on chemsex among MSM, which is a rising public health concern, are urgently required.
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- A Study of the Longitudinal Patterns of Stimulant and Amyl Nitrite Use and Sexual Behavior Pre- and Post-HIV Seroconversion Among MSM. [Journal Article]
- The use of stimulant drugs alone or in combination with amyl nitrites (stimulant/nitrites) has been associated with higher rates of risky sexual behavior and predictive of HIV infection among men who have sex with men. However, the temporal pattern of stimulant/nitrite use pre- and post-seroconversion has not been well established. This study assessed changes in stimulant/nitrite use and risky se…
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- Inorganic nitrite and nitrate in cardiovascular therapy: A better alternative to organic nitrates as nitric oxide donors? [Review]
- In 1867 the organic nitrite, amyl nitrite, was introduced as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of angina pectoris and was later substituted by the organic nitrate nitroglycerin (NTG). Despite having a highly potent vasodilator capacity in veins>coronary arteries>arterioles, the vasodilator effects NTG are rapidly attenuated by the development of nitrate tolerance. We and others established tha…
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- Comparison of Valsalva Maneuver, Amyl Nitrite, and Exercise Echocardiography to Demonstrate Latent Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. [Journal Article]
- Guidelines recommend exercise stress echocardiogram (ESE) for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) if a 50 mm Hg gradient is not present at rest or provoked with Valsalva or amyl nitrite, to direct medical and surgical management. However, no study has directly compared all 3 methods. We sought to evaluate efficacy and degree of provocation of left ventricular outflow gradients by ESE, …
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- [Multifocal Electroretinography in Patients with Poppers Maculopathy]. [Journal Article]Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2019 Aug; 236(8):1004-1011.KM
- CONCLUSIONS: Compared to a healthy control group, the multifocal electroretinogram of patients with poppers maculopathy shows no relevant impairment. This contrasts the marked effect of the disease on visual acuity. In clinical practice, poppers maculopathy cannot be diagnosed by multifocal electroretinography.
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- Poppers: legal highs with questionable contents? A case series of poppers maculopathy. [Journal Article]
- Poppers are volatile alkyl nitrite compounds that are inhaled to enhance sexual experience and for their psychoactive effects. A less well-known side effect is foveal maculopathy, which has emerged following changes in their chemical composition. It is unclear if certain individuals are more susceptible to retinal damage or if there is a relationship between pattern of inhalation and brands used.
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- Following Lives Undergoing Change (Flux) study: Implementation and baseline prevalence of drug use in an online cohort study of gay and bisexual men in Australia. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Ease of entry and minimal research burden on participants helped ensure successful recruitment into this online cohort study. Study outcomes will include the initiation and cessation of drug use, associated risk behaviours, and health consequences, over time. Results will provide insights into the role gay community plays in patterns of drug use among GBM.
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