To examine the association between interocular difference in refraction and ocular biometry in children with anisometropia. This analysis included 91 children aged 6-16 years with anisometropia, identified from a cross-sectional, school-based study of 765 children. All children underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including cycloplegic biometry and refractometry. The refractive lens power (RLP) was calculated using Bennett's equation. The mean interocular difference in SE was 2.24 ± 1.48D. Compared to the contralateral eye, the more myopic eye or less hyperopic eye exhibited a significantly longer axial length (AL), deeper anterior chamber depth (ACD), thinner lens thickness (LT) and deeper vitreous chamber depth (VCD) (all P < 0.05). No significant interocular differences were observed for corneal curvature radius (CCR), central corneal thickness (CCT) and RLP between the two eyes (all P > 0.05). When exploratory analyzing by anisometropia type, the more myopic eye or less hyperopic eye had a significantly thinner LT and less RLP than the contralateral eye in the antimetropia group. In univariate analysis, interocular difference in SE was significantly associated with interocular difference in AL (β=-0.822, P < 0.001), ACD (β=-0.401, P < 0.001) and VCD (β=-0.831, P < 0.001). In the multivariate regression analysis, interocular difference in SE was significantly associated with age (β = 0.144, P = 0.002), interocular difference in AL (β=-1.024, P < 0.001) and RLP (β=-0.421, P < 0.001). Interocular difference in the parameters of AL and crystalline lens are significant factors associated with anisometropia, whereas corneal parameters show no significant interocular difference between the two eyes. The role of lenticular parameters appears to be type-dependent. Exploratory analysis further revealed that the interocular difference in a compensatory lenticular pattern to axial elongation varies among different types of anisometropia.

Anisometropia is a unique condition of both eyes and it is associated with vision problems such as amblyopia and reduced stereoacuity. Previous studies have not reported its change pattern by age and its correlation with the refractive condition of both eyes. This study aims to compare the changes in anisometropia by age in children with hyperopia, myopia, and antimetropia. In total, 156 children were included. Children aged 3-11 years with anisometropia ≥ 1.00 D were followed up for ≥ 1 year with ≥ 2 visits at two medical centers in Taiwan. Refractive errors by cycloplegic autorefractometry, best-corrected visual acuity, eye position, and atropine use were recorded. The children were divided into hyperopic, myopic, and antimetropic groups. The results showed that anisometropia decreased in children aged < 6 years (3.34-2.96 D; P = 0.038) and increased in older children (2.16-2.55 D; P = 0.005). In children aged 3, 4, 5, and 6 years, the mean anisometropia was higher in children with myopia and antimetropia than in those with hyperopia (P = 0.005, 0.002, 0.001, and 0.011, respectively). The differences were not significant in children aged > 6 years (all P > 0.05). The factors associated with changes in anisometropia were age, refractive group, amblyopia, and strabismus. Anisometropia decreased with age in children younger than 6 years, and the changes in anisometropia was found in children with myopia and antimetropia.

A rare case of bilateral congenital microcoria associated with antimetropia in a 47-year-old man is here described. The patient presented with a chief complaint of progressive vision loss in his right eye over the past five years. A slit-lamp examination and ultrasound biomicroscopy confirmed congenital microcoria and cataracts. Phacoemulsification was performed using an iris expansion device and the anterior capsule was stained using the "trypan down under" technique. Preoperative considerations, the surgical approach, and postoperative management are discussed.

Antimetropia, a sub-classification of anisometropia, is a rare refractive condition in which one eye is myopic and the fellow eye is hyperopic. This case report describes the ocular characteristics and atypical refractive progression in an adult male with a moderate degree of non-amblyopic antimetropia over a 20-year period. The potential mechanisms underlying unilateral axial elongation, anisometropia and myopia progression in adulthood are discussed.

All people attempting to enlist in the U.S. Army must undergo a physical examination that requires a rudimentary vision screening. Those who pass the physical, upon reporting to basic training, are again evaluated and any treatment necessary to allow the recruits to function during their initial indoctrination is provided. Those who fail to see 20/20 O.D. and O.S. with their current spectacles fail the screening and are evaluated by an optometrist. If their condition is not disqualifying, appropriate correction is prescribed. We reviewed the records of all the recruits in a 1-month period who either required spectacles to see 20/20 or failed the screening at the 43rd AG BN (reception). Epidemiological evaluation revealed most to be either simple myopes or myopic astigmats. Hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism accounted for the next most common diagnosis. Other conditions included anisometropia, antimetropia, amblyopia, keratoconus, and nystagmus. Examinations of these recruits were very limited, with dilated fundus evaluations being performed only when there was a high probability of a disqualifying condition. Therefore, it is unknown what retinal disease or degeneration may be present other than what would be visible with direct ophthalmoscopy.

A sample population of patients with a certain degree of antimetropia or mixed anisometropia was selected. Binocular interference or paradoxical dominance was expected in some of them. This interference is such that the "seemingly worse eye" (the eye with the lesser visual acuity) dominates the binocular vision and leads the subject to wear corrective glasses or contact lenses even though the level of visual acuity in the other eye is adequate without correction. This is what we called paradoxical anisometropia. There was no amblyopia or strabismus present. Twenty percent of our subjects manifested some degree of binocular interference.

A patient with uncorrected antimetropia was found to attain motor fusion through blinking. Although this patient was also able to attain motor fusion through saccadic vergence and slow fusional vergence, he usually relied on blink vergence. In this patient, blink vergence was an efficient alternative to slow fusional vergence.

Antimetropia is a condition in which one eye is myopic and the fellow eye is hyperopic. This report describes functional and optical characteristics of a patient with a substantial degree of antimetropia.