- Growth differences by school-age and adolescence according to in utero and peripartum antiretroviral therapy exposure among Ugandan children. [Journal Article]Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Jan 27; 102(4):e32677.M
- In utero/peripartum antiretroviral (IPA) drug exposure in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed children has established benefit for prevention of HIV mother-to-child-transmission but its association with height-for-age by adolescence is unknown. Hence we quantify IPA-associated growth differences at 6 to 18 years old among children with perinatally acquired HIV (CPHIV) infection and childre…
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- Perinatal outcomes associated with combination antiretroviral therapy compared with monotherapy. [Meta-Analysis]AIDS. 2023 Mar 01; 37(3):489-501.AIDS
- CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant WLHIV receiving cART are associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, compared with WLHIV receiving monotherapy.
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- Progesterone and prolactin levels in pregnant women living with HIV who delivered preterm and low birthweight infants: A nested case-control study. [Multicenter Study]
- CONCLUSIONS: We observed lower progesterone levels among women allocated to ART regimens; however, higher progesterone levels were associated with preterm birth and/or low birthweight. While features of the study design may have contributed to these findings, they nevertheless highlight the potentially complex mechanisms underpinning adverse birth outcomes and HIV.
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- Survival analysis and predictors of mortality among adult HIV/AIDS patients initiated antiretroviral therapy from 2010 to 2015 in Dubti General Hospital, Afar, Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: High mortality was observed in this cohort, and participants with stage III and IV, low CD4 count, low hemoglobin level, bed ridden functional status, low BMI should be closely monitored even with the scarce resources. In addition, the use of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy should be more encouraged to increase survival.
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- REverSe TRanscrIptase chain termination (RESTRICT) for selective measurement of nucleotide analogs used in HIV care and prevention. [Journal Article]
- Sufficient drug concentrations are required for efficacy of antiretroviral drugs used in HIV care and prevention. Measurement of nucleotide analogs, included in most HIV medication regimens, enables monitoring of short- and long-term adherence and the risk of treatment failure. The REverSe TRanscrIptase Chain Termination (RESTRICT) assay rapidly infers the concentration of intracellular nucleotid…
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- Antiretroviral Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid: The Effect of Inflammation and Genetic Variants. [Journal Article]
- Neurocognitive impairments are common in people living with HIV. Some conditions, such as chronic inflammation, astrocyte infection and an impaired blood-brain barrier (BBBi), along with host genetic variants in transporter genes, may affect antiretroviral (ARV) exposure in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of this study was to evaluate ARV CSF penetration according to compartmental inflamma…
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- A Central Auditory Test reveals differences between drug treatment regimens in adults living with HIV. [Journal Article]Int J Audiol. 2023 Jan 20 [Online ahead of print]IJ
- CONCLUSIONS: ART regimens differed in their association with central auditory test performance likely reflecting neurocognitive changes in PLWH taking the zidovudine-containing regimen. Central auditory test performance also marginally predicted cognitive impairment, supporting further assessment of central auditory tests to detect neurocognitive deficits in PLWH.
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- Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed): Zidovudine [BOOK]Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed). National Library of Medicine (US): Bethesda (MD)BOOK
- Zidovudine has been well studied during breastfeeding. Milk levels are low and most breastfed infants do not have detectable blood levels. Some breastfed infants have developed anemia during maternal therapy.
- Anti-retroviral treatment with zidovudine alters pyrimidine metabolism, reduces translation, and extends healthy longevity via ATF-4. [Journal Article]Cell Rep. 2022 Dec 30; 42(1):111928.CR
- The human population is aging, and the need for interventions to slow progression of age-related diseases (geroprotective interventions) is growing. Repurposing compounds already used clinically, usually at modified doses, allows rapid implementation of geroprotective pharmaceuticals. Here we find the anti-retroviral nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) zidovudine robustly extends li…
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- Anti-ageing effects of FDA-approved medicines: a focused review. [Review]J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2023 Jan 13 [Online ahead of print]JB
- Ageing is the process generated by senescent cells, free radicals, inflammation and other relevant factors. Ageing contributes to age-related diseases that affect the quality of life. People are interested in anti-ageing intervention and many scientists attempt to search for anti-ageing medicines. This review focused on describing in vivo anti-ageing activity of US-FDA-approved drugs and found th…
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- Clinical utility of soluble CD163 and its diagnostic and prognostic value in a variety of neurological disorders. [Journal Article]Mini Rev Med Chem. 2023 Jan 06 [Online ahead of print]MR
- Nowadays, many people suffer from Neurological Diseases (NDs), particularly neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, there is an urgent need to discover new and more effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic strategies for the treatment of NDs. In this context, detecting biomarkers can provide helpful information on various levels of NDs. Up to now, there has been a lot of p…
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- Rapid simultaneous analysis of anti human immunodeficiency virus drugs in pharmaceutical formulation by smart spectrophotometry based on multivariate calibration and least squares support vector machine methods. [Journal Article]Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2022 Dec 31; 290:122292.SA
- In this study, two chemometrics methods, including partial least squares regression (PLS) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) were applied for the simultaneous determination of zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (LMV) in synthetic mixtures and anti-HIV pharmaceutical formulation. These approaches along with the spectrophotometric method were used to solve spectral overlapping problems …
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- Drug repositioning for SARS-CoV-2 by Gaussian kernel similarity bilinear matrix factorization. [Journal Article]
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently spreading rapidly around the world. Since SARS-CoV-2 seriously threatens human life and health as well as the development of the world economy, it is very urgent to identify effective drugs against this virus. However, traditional methods to develop new drugs are cos…
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- Efficacy, Tolerability, and Compliance of Direct Acting Antivirals in Patients with HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfection: A Real-Life Experience. [Journal Article]AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2023 Jan 05 [Online ahead of print]AR
- Effective management of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection warrants special emphasis on interactions between direct acting antivirals (DAAs) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) along with maintenance of treatment compliance. All HIV-HCV coinfected adult patients (2015-2020) were included in this real-life retrospective study. Prevalence of coinfection, proportion of coinfected patients trea…
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- The Use of Zidovudine Pharmacophore in Multi-Target-Directed Ligands for AIDS Therapy. [Review]
- The concept of polypharmacology embraces multiple drugs combined in a therapeutic regimen (drug combination or cocktail), fixed dose combinations (FDCs), and a single drug that binds to different targets (multi-target drug). A polypharmacology approach is widely applied in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), providing life-saving therapies for millions of people living wit…
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- Impact of antenatal antiretroviral drug exposure on the growth of children who are HIV-exposed uninfected: the national South African Prevention of Mother to Child Evaluation cohort study. [Journal Article]
- CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide evidence for initiating all pregnant women living with HIV on ART as fetal exposure had no demonstrable adverse effects on postnatal growth. Several non-HIV-related maternal, child and socio-demographic factors were independently associated with growth, highlighting the need for multi-sectoral interventions. Longer-term monitoring of CHEU children is recommended.
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- StatPearls: Zidovudine [BOOK]StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island (FL)BOOK
- Zidovudine is a medication used in the management and treatment of HIV-1. It is in the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor class of medications. This activity reviews the indications, mechanism of action, and contraindications for zidovudine as a valuable agent in the treatment of HIV-1. This activity will highlight the mechanism of action, adverse event profile, and other key factors (e.g…
- LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Antiviral Agents [BOOK]LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Bethesda (MD)BOOK
- The antivirals are a large and diverse group of agents that are typically classified by the virus infections for which they are used, their chemical structure and their mode of action. Most antiviral agents have been developed in the last 20 to 25 years, many as a result of the major research efforts to develop therapies and means of prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and …
- Analysis of in vitro and in vivo metabolism of zidovudine and gemfibrozil in trans-chromosomic mouse line expressing human UGT2 enzymes. [Journal Article]
- UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) catalyze the conjugation of various substrates with sugars. Since the UGT2 family forms a large cluster spanning 1.5 Mb, transgenic mouse lines carrying the entire human UGT2 family have not been constructed because of limitations in conventional cloning techniques. Therefore, we made a humanized mouse model for UGT2 by chromosome engineering technologies. The …
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- REVERSIBILITY OF LIPOATROPHY IN HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS TAKING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: A COHORT STUDY WITH ULTRASOUND ASSESSMENT. [Journal Article]
- The aim of this study was to characterize and compare changes in subcutaneous fat in the malar, brachial and crural region in a cohort of HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy. This prospective longitudinal study included 77 patients who were selected from the initial cohort evaluated in 2007 and 2008. We examined reversibility of lipoatrophy measured by ultrasound over at least fiv…
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- In Situ Super-Resolution Imaging of Telomeres with DNA-PAINT. [Journal Article]
- Telomeres are located at the ends of chromosomes and play an important role in maintaining the integrity of chromosomes and controlling the cycle of cell division. Studies have shown that abnormal telomere length may lead to the occurrence of some diseases. Therefore, accurate measurement of telomere length will be helpful for the prediction and diagnosis of related diseases. DNA point accumulati…
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- PERV induces CXCL10 in human monocytes and monocyte-derived primary cells. [Journal Article]Intervirology. 2022 Nov 16 [Online ahead of print]I
- CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight PERVs as inducers of the pro-inflammatory chemokine CXCL10 and other innate immune responses in human monocytes and derived cells with potential implications in the context of xenotransplantation.
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- Magnetic triazine-based dendrimer as a versatile nanocarrier for efficient antiviral drugs delivery. [Journal Article]
- Nanoscale engineering is an efficient method for the treatment of multiple infectious diseases. Due to the controllable functionalities, surface properties, and internal cavities, dendrimer-based nanoparticles represent high performance in drug delivery, making their application attractive in pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. In this study, a dendritic nanostructure (Fe3O4@SiO2@TAD-G3) was …
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- Determinants of therapy failure among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Asmara, Eritrea: a multicenter retrospective matched case-control study. [Multicenter Study]
- CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore the importance of optimizing cART adherence, diversification of cART regimens, and interventions directed at enhancing early HIV diagnosis, prompt initiations of treatment, and improved patient-focused monitoring of treatment response.
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- Proteome-Based Investigation Identified Potential Drug Repurposable Small Molecules Against Monkeypox Disease. [Journal Article]
- Monkeypox Virus (MPXV), the causative agent of Monkeypox (MPX) disease, is an emerging zoonotic pathogen spreading in different endemic and non-endemic nations and creating outbreaks. MPX treatment mainly includes Cidofovir and Tecovirimat but they have several side effects and solely depending on these drugs may promote the emergence of drug-resistant variants. Hence, new drugs are required to c…
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- Interactions of Antiretroviral Drugs with Food, Beverages, Dietary Supplements, and Alcohol: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. [Review]
- Multiple factors may affect combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). We investigated the impact of food, beverages, dietary supplements, and alcohol on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of 33 antiretroviral drugs. Systematic review in adherence to PRISMA guidelines was performed, with 109 reports of 120 studies included. For each drug, meta-analyses or qualitative analyses were co…
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- Rate of virological failure and HIV-1 drug resistance among HIV-infected adolescents in routine follow-up on health facilities in Cameroon. [Journal Article]
- The objective of this study was to determine the rates of virological failure (VF) and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) amongst adolescents on antiretroviral Therapy (ART). A retrospectively designed study was conducted in 10 healthcare centers for adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in the two main cities of Cameroon (Yaoundé and Douala), from November 2018 to May 2019. Sociodemographic, clinical, th…
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- Synthesis of 5'-Thymidine-Conjugated Formylphenylboronic Acids as Potential Lysine Targeting Iminoboronate Reversible Covalent Enzyme Probes. [Journal Article]J Org Chem. 2022 11 04; 87(21):13542-13555.JO
- The design of reversible-covalent molecules to selectively target the ε-amino functionality of lysine residues in enzymes or proteins is a highly desirable goal. Herein, we describe synthetic methodology used to prepare a series of 5'-thymidine-linked formylphenylboronic acids as probes to interrogate sugar nucleotide processing enzymes that recognize thymidine. The first synthetic strategy mitig…
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- Parvovirus Infection Leading to Severe Anemia in an Adult Patient With HIV Disease. [Case Reports]
- Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease frequently suffer from anemia. The causes include anemia of chronic disease, vitamin B12 and iron deficiency, opportunistic infections (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jiroveci), HIV-related bone marrow suppression, AIDS-associated malignancies, and antiretroviral therapy (ART), specifically zidovudine. In HIV patients with adva…
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