Abstract
Anise (Pimpinella anisum) seeds contain anethole, which is a phytoestrogen. Anise is a purported galactogogue,[1-6] and is included in some proprietary mixtures promoted to increase milk supply; however, no scientifically valid clinical trials support this use. Galactogogues should never replace evaluation and counseling on modifiable factors that affect milk production.[7,8] Maternal anise ingestion reportedly imparts an odor to breastmilk,[9] possibly because anethole is excreted into breastmilk.[10] Anise is "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) as a flavoring by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Elevated liver enzymes occurred in a woman taking Mother's Milk Tea, which contains anise.[11] Excessive maternal use of an herbal tea containing anise and other herbs appeared to cause toxicity in two breastfed newborns, consistent with toxicity caused by anethole. Dietary supplements do not require extensive pre-marketing approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Manufacturers are responsible to ensure the safety, but do not need to prove the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements before they are marketed. Dietary supplements may contain multiple ingredients, and differences are often found between labeled and actual ingredients or their amounts. A manufacturer may contract with an independent organization to verify the quality of a product or its ingredients, but that does not certify the safety or effectiveness of a product. Because of the above issues, clinical testing results on one product may not be applicable to other products. More detailed information about dietary supplements is available elsewhere on the LactMed Web site.
TY - CHAP
T1 - Anise
BT - Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
Y1 - 2006///
PY - 2018/7/13/pubmed
PY - 2018/7/13/medline
PY - 2018/7/13/entrez
KW - Anise
KW - Pimpinella anisum
KW - anis
KW - anís
KW - anis vert
KW - aniseed
KW - anise essential oil
KW - anise oil
KW - anisi fructus
KW - graine d'anis vert
KW - green anise
KW - huile essentielle d'anis
KW - pinella
KW - semen anisi
KW - shatpushpa
KW - sweet cumin
KW - velaiti saunf
N2 - Anise (Pimpinella anisum) seeds contain anethole, which is a phytoestrogen. Anise is a purported galactogogue,[1-6] and is included in some proprietary mixtures promoted to increase milk supply; however, no scientifically valid clinical trials support this use. Galactogogues should never replace evaluation and counseling on modifiable factors that affect milk production.[7,8] Maternal anise ingestion reportedly imparts an odor to breastmilk,[9] possibly because anethole is excreted into breastmilk.[10] Anise is "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) as a flavoring by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Elevated liver enzymes occurred in a woman taking Mother's Milk Tea, which contains anise.[11] Excessive maternal use of an herbal tea containing anise and other herbs appeared to cause toxicity in two breastfed newborns, consistent with toxicity caused by anethole. Dietary supplements do not require extensive pre-marketing approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Manufacturers are responsible to ensure the safety, but do not need to prove the safety and effectiveness of dietary supplements before they are marketed. Dietary supplements may contain multiple ingredients, and differences are often found between labeled and actual ingredients or their amounts. A manufacturer may contract with an independent organization to verify the quality of a product or its ingredients, but that does not certify the safety or effectiveness of a product. Because of the above issues, clinical testing results on one product may not be applicable to other products. More detailed information about dietary supplements is available elsewhere on the LactMed Web site.
PB - National Library of Medicine (US)
CY - Bethesda (MD)
UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/prime/citation/30000835/Drugs_and_Lactation_Database_(LactMed):_Anise
L2 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK501776
DB - PRIME
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -
