Understanding the genetic diversity and trait relationships in Anethum graveolens L. (dill) is essential for breeding high-yielding cultivars with enriched biochemical profiles suited to various growing conditions. This study characterized 25 Iranian dill accessions originating from distinct agro-climatic regions by evaluating their morphological, biochemical, and essential oil (EO) profile. A randomized complete block design field trial with three replications was conducted in Ardabil, Iran. Morphological traits, including biomass and yield-related parameters, were recorded at both flowering and physiological maturity stages. Biochemical analyses included quantification of chlorophyll pigments, total phenolic content, anthocyanins, proline, and EO profile determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Considerable genetic variability was observed among accessions for all measured traits. EO content reached a maximum of 1.43%, while plant fresh and dry weight also exhibited significant variation, indicating promising genetic sources for yield and biochemical improvement. High coefficients of variation were identified for carvone, limonene, α-pinene, and proline, suggesting their potential for targeted selection. Factor analysis extracted ten principal components that collectively accounted for 83.8% of the total variance, grouping traits related to yield capacity, reproductive traits, pigment composition, and EO constituents. The fourth factor, defined by high loadings of carvone, α-pinene, and limonene, was indicative of aromatic quality. Cluster analysis segregated the accessions into three primary groups, with Cluster-I comprising accessions demonstrating superior biomass production, seed yield, and EO content. These high-performing accessions (G8-Sarab, G19-Astara, G21-Dezful, G24-Rezvanshahr, and G25-Hamedan-2) originated from contrasting climates, suggesting considerable adaptability and breeding value. Traits were similarly clustered into four main groups reflecting agronomic, photosynthetic, yield, and EO profile, corroborating factor analysis results. The identified accessions represent valuable genetic resources for breeding programs focused on enhancing dill productivity, EO characteristics, and resilience, supporting its sustainable production across diverse agro-ecological systems.
Abstract
Journal Article
eng
42020557
Gholizadeh, Afsaneh, et al. "Multivariate Analysis of Morpho-chemo Variations in Anethum Graveolens L. Accessions." Scientific Reports, 2026.
Gholizadeh A, Farmanpour Kalalagh K, Mohebodini M, et al. Multivariate analysis of morpho-chemo variations in Anethum graveolens L. accessions. Sci Rep. 2026.
Gholizadeh, A., Farmanpour Kalalagh, K., Mohebodini, M., Sabaghnia, N., Ebadi-Segherloo, A., Esmaeili, H., & Tariverdizadeh, N. (2026). Multivariate analysis of morpho-chemo variations in Anethum graveolens L. accessions. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-47604-5
Gholizadeh A, et al. Multivariate Analysis of Morpho-chemo Variations in Anethum Graveolens L. Accessions. Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 22; PubMed PMID: 42020557.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - JOUR
T1 - Multivariate analysis of morpho-chemo variations in Anethum graveolens L. accessions.
AU - Gholizadeh,Afsaneh,
AU - Farmanpour Kalalagh,Karim,
AU - Mohebodini,Mehdi,
AU - Sabaghnia,Naser,
AU - Ebadi-Segherloo,Asghar,
AU - Esmaeili,Hassan,
AU - Tariverdizadeh,Neda,
Y1 - 2026/04/22/
PY - 2025/09/07/received
PY - 2026/04/01/accepted
PY - 2026/4/23/medline
PY - 2026/4/23/pubmed
PY - 2026/4/22/entrez
KW - Apiol
KW - Carvone
KW - Clustering
KW - Essential oil
KW - Factor analysis
KW - Limonene
JF - Scientific reports
JO - Sci Rep
N2 - Understanding the genetic diversity and trait relationships in Anethum graveolens L. (dill) is essential for breeding high-yielding cultivars with enriched biochemical profiles suited to various growing conditions. This study characterized 25 Iranian dill accessions originating from distinct agro-climatic regions by evaluating their morphological, biochemical, and essential oil (EO) profile. A randomized complete block design field trial with three replications was conducted in Ardabil, Iran. Morphological traits, including biomass and yield-related parameters, were recorded at both flowering and physiological maturity stages. Biochemical analyses included quantification of chlorophyll pigments, total phenolic content, anthocyanins, proline, and EO profile determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Considerable genetic variability was observed among accessions for all measured traits. EO content reached a maximum of 1.43%, while plant fresh and dry weight also exhibited significant variation, indicating promising genetic sources for yield and biochemical improvement. High coefficients of variation were identified for carvone, limonene, α-pinene, and proline, suggesting their potential for targeted selection. Factor analysis extracted ten principal components that collectively accounted for 83.8% of the total variance, grouping traits related to yield capacity, reproductive traits, pigment composition, and EO constituents. The fourth factor, defined by high loadings of carvone, α-pinene, and limonene, was indicative of aromatic quality. Cluster analysis segregated the accessions into three primary groups, with Cluster-I comprising accessions demonstrating superior biomass production, seed yield, and EO content. These high-performing accessions (G8-Sarab, G19-Astara, G21-Dezful, G24-Rezvanshahr, and G25-Hamedan-2) originated from contrasting climates, suggesting considerable adaptability and breeding value. Traits were similarly clustered into four main groups reflecting agronomic, photosynthetic, yield, and EO profile, corroborating factor analysis results. The identified accessions represent valuable genetic resources for breeding programs focused on enhancing dill productivity, EO characteristics, and resilience, supporting its sustainable production across diverse agro-ecological systems.
SN - 2045-2322
UR - https://www.unboundmedicine.com/prime/citation/42020557/Multivariate_analysis_of_morpho-chemo_variations_in_Anethum_graveolens_L._accessions.
DB - PRIME
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -
