Awareness as the heart of working memory.
Trends Cogn Sci 2026 Apr 25. [Online ahead of print]

Abstract

The assumption that attention and short-term memory combine to play a crucial role in cognition continues to influence cognitive modeling. We trace the development of the multicomponent model of working memory, initially consisting of a limited-capacity central executive controlling two domain-specific systems: the phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad. The later introduction of the episodic buffer addressed the need to explain how information from different sources is bound into unified episodes. Subsequent developments suggest that the buffer functions as a consciously accessible, multidimensional interface combining storage with executive manipulation and attentional control. These developments lead to a reformulation of the model in which the episodic buffer, renamed the 'awareness buffer', is placed at the focal point of working memory.

Authors+Show Affiliations

Allen RJSchool of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. Electronic address: r.allen@leeds.ac.uk.
Baddeley ADDepartment of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.
Hitch GJDepartment of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

42034504