Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.
Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2026 Jun 08. [Online ahead of print]

Abstract

Small bowel neuroendocrine neoplasms (SB-NENs) are a distinct subgroup of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs), characterized by marked biological heterogeneity and a high prevalence of metastatic disease at diagnosis. Their frequently nonspecific clinical presentation, together with small and often multifocal primary lesions, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SB-NENs, focusing on recent epidemiological trends, key elements of the 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) classification and of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging System, and the central role of imaging in clinical management. Emphasis is placed on the complementary value of anatomical and molecular imaging modalities for tumor detection, staging, treatment planning, and response assessment. The key radiologist's contribution to surgical planning is discussed, along with imaging strategies for follow-up and evaluation of treatment response.

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Blandino AAAbdominal Radiology and Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Radiology - Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University Hospital "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo 90127, Italy. Electronic address: antoninoandrea.blandino@gmail.com.
Asmundo LDepartment of Radiology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: luigi.asm@gmail.com.
Quiros EAbdominal Radiology and Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: eliojq@gmail.com.
Russo MVAbdominal Radiology and Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: mvrusso@mgh.harvard.edu.
Karbasian NAbdominal Radiology and Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: nkarbasian@mgh.harvard.edu.
Panda ADepartment of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA. Electronic address: ananya-panda@uiowa.edu.
Singh CUniversity of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA. Electronic address: drcharanjeetsingh@gmail.com.
Itani MMallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. Electronic address: mitani@wustl.edu.
Virarkar MDepartment of Radiology, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA. Electronic address: mayur.virarkar@jax.ufl.edu.
Zhang MLDepartment of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: mlzhang@mgh.harvard.edu.
Catalano OAAbdominal Radiology and Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: onofriocatalano@yahoo.it.

Pub Type(s)

Journal Article
Review

Language

eng

PubMed ID

42264415