Contact lens wear is common, and patients with related acute red eye often present first in non-ophthalmology settings, including emergency departments, urgent care centers, family medicine practices, and primary care clinics. In these settings, access to slit-lamp examination may be limited, and even when available, accurate interpretation depends on clinician experience. Acute red eye in contact lens users may reflect noninfectious inflammatory disease, but it can also signal early microbial keratitis, which may initially present with subtle or nonspecific findings. Delayed or missed recognition can lead to progressive corneal damage and visual loss. Despite increasing contact lens use and the risk of vision-threatening complications, practical, evidence-based guidance tailored to frontline non-ophthalmologist clinicians remains limited. When bacterial keratitis is suspected and timely ophthalmology evaluation cannot be confirmed, frequent topical fluoroquinolone therapy may be needed because commonly used topical antibiotics may not provide adequate corneal coverage. This review aims to provide clear, practical guidance to improve triage, support timely referral, and prevent avoidable corneal morbidity, particularly in underserved settings where access barriers may worsen outcomes and follow-up.

Marijuana, or cannabis, is the most commonly used illicit substance in the United States, with prevalence nearly doubling over the past decade. Accumulating evidence implicates cannabis use as a potentially modifiable risk factor for acute myocardial infarction, particularly among younger adults without traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Marijuana precipitates acute myocardial infarction through multiple converging mechanisms: increased myocardial oxygen demand via sympathetic activation, impaired oxygen delivery through carboxyhemoglobin elevation, coronary vasospasm, endothelial dysfunction, and a prothrombotic state characterized by enhanced platelet activation. Genetic variability in cannabinoid receptor expression and CYP2C9-mediated tetrahydrocannabinol metabolism further modulates individual susceptibility. Among patients with established coronary artery disease, population-based data suggest elevated cardiovascular risk with frequent use, though prospective cohort data remain conflicting. In post-percutaneous coronary intervention patients on dual antiplatelet therapy, cannabidiol inhibition of CYP2C19 may impair clopidogrel bioactivation, warranting consideration of alternative P2Y12 inhibitors. These findings highlight the importance of cannabis use screening in clinical practice and the need for prospective studies to guide evidence-based management.

A wealth of new literature is published annually in the growing field of perioperative medicine. The most noteworthy publications are often hard to find as they are spread over a variety of journals. We have undertaken a multi-database literature search from January to December of 2025 to identify the most impactful perioperative articles from the past year. We included original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines. We excluded abstracts, case reports, letters, or literature pertaining to cardiovascular surgery, pediatrics, and obstetrics. Two authors reviewed each reference using the Distiller SR systematic review software (Evidence Partners Inc., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada). A modified Delphi technique was used to narrow down to seven of the most impactful publications and another eight tabular summaries. The purpose of this review is to highlight new literature to improve perioperative outcomes for patients.